Monday, August 24, 2020
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Free Essays on Puce Fairy Book
Alice Majorââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Puce Fairy Bookâ⬠is a parody. The title implies that the pixie book or story being told is to some degree magnificent. Puce is a shade of purple and purple speaks to eminence. Subsequently the title speaks to something that is practically otherworldly and improbable to achieve. The sonnet itself raises the issueââ¬â¢s of picture. Society has a thought of the ideal young lady and the sonnet recommends that the desires are unbelievable. Society needs to understand that flawlessness doesn't exist. The fantasy young ladies from these accounts are a piece of an ideal make conviction world, they don't generally exist. Significant utilizations an assortment of fantasy delights to express what is on her mind. Men anticipate that ladies should be that sort of fantasy young lady yet as a general rule they are most certainly not. The line that best communicates this conviction is ââ¬Å"my foot was too enormous to fit into it.â⬠(Major 36) The young lady concedes her flaws and she is OK with them. In any case, the kid she is with demands making her into something that she is never going to be. The primary character is the young lady that the kid is attempting so frantically to change however she never winds up evolving. Rather she transparently admits every last bit of her defects and tells him that is all that she can be. It is possible that he prefers it or he chooses not to. He can't continue attempting to change her. The young lady is sensible, she has blemishes, and she doesn't attempt to shroud this. The kid then again attempts urgently to imagine that they are both piece of the fantasies, to shroud their blemishes. The young lady assumes the job of the real world. The kid assumes the job of a fake. At the point when it truly comes down to it the truth is continually going to stay predominant in light of the fact that it is the main thing that exists. In this manner the young lady is the just one recounting to the story on the grounds that the kid no longer stays a piece of her life. The sonnet is set in no particular time or spot other than when society has their ideal picture of a young lady. There is a prevalent climate that proposes dissatisfaction from both th... Free Essays on Puce Fairy Book Free Essays on Puce Fairy Book Alice Majorââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Puce Fairy Bookâ⬠is a parody. The title indicates that the pixie book or story being told is fairly lofty. Puce is a shade of purple and purple speaks to eminence. In this manner the title speaks to something that is practically mystical and improbable to achieve. The sonnet itself raises the issueââ¬â¢s of picture. Society has a thought of the ideal young lady and the sonnet recommends that the desires are incredible. Society needs to understand that flawlessness doesn't exist. The fantasy young ladies from these accounts are a piece of an ideal make conviction world, they don't generally exist. Significant utilizations an assortment of fantasy delights to express what is on her mind. Men anticipate that ladies should be that sort of fantasy young lady however truly they are most certainly not. The line that best communicates this conviction is ââ¬Å"my foot was too large to fit into it.â⬠(Major 36) The young lady concedes her blemishes and she is alright with them. In any case, the kid she is with demands making her into something that she is never going to be. The principle character is the young lady that the kid is attempting so urgently to change yet she never winds up evolving. Rather she straightforwardly admits every last bit of her blemishes and tells him that is all that she can be. It is possible that he prefers it or he chooses not to. He can't continue attempting to change her. The young lady is practical, she has imperfections, and she doesn't attempt to shroud this. The kid then again attempts urgently to imagine that they are both piece of the fantasies, to shroud their blemishes. The young lady assumes the job of the real world. The kid assumes the job of a fake. At the point when it truly comes down to it the truth is continually going to stay prevailing in light of the fact that it is the main thing that exists. In this manner the young lady is the just one recounting to the story on the grounds that the kid no longer stays a piece of her life. The sonnet is set in no particular time or spot other than when society has their ideal picture of a young lady. There is a dominating air that recommends disillusionment from both th...
Wednesday, July 15, 2020
Accelerators
Introduction to Business Incubators / Accelerators We are currently living in an era of the small business and entrepreneurial spirit. Part of this enthusiasm is driven by business incubators and accelerators, which are popping up almost at the same rate as the businesses themselves. © Shutterstock | Karramba ProductionThis guide will look at what business incubators and accelerators are and the business models these organizations use to operate. This guide will also analyse the role incubators and accelerators have on helping start-ups and help you better understand the operational side of incubators, as well as their importance in the current climate.WHAT IS A BUSINESS INCUBATOR / ACCELERATOR?According to entrepreneur, a business incubator is:âAn organisation designed to accelerate the growth and success of entrepreneurial companies through an array of business support resources and services that could include physical space, capital, coaching, common services, and networking connections.âEssentially these incubators are about helping start-ups and small businesses grow. Business incubators have existed in different forms for decades, but the first surge of business incubators came about a little over a decade ago. They have since become a central part of the business world and there are a number of incubators across the globe looking to boost entrepreneurialism.As business incubators developed, they started taking on different approaches to aiding businesses and utilizing new ways of operating. Part of this change led to the birth of a business accelerator. A business accelerator is similar to an incubator in its definition â" there to help a business to get started and grow â" yet there are some slight differences in how it operates.The difference between a business incubator and acceleratorThere are generally two differences between these two organizations. Primarily, a business accelerator makes an investment in the company involved in its program in exchange for a stake in the company. This means accelerators mainly deal as a venture capitalists.Furthermore, the duration companies spend under the guidance of accelerators differs between incubators. Whereas a business incubator often offers a yearlong program, an accelerator pr ogram tends to be much shorter. A typical business accelerator offers usually three to four months under its wings.In addition, many business accelerators tend to look for companies with bigger growth potential. Accelerators are often focused on finding companies looking to grow either nationally or globally. Business incubators naturally work with companies looking to go global as well, but there are also many localized incubators around the world.Throughout the rest of the guide, business incubators and accelerators are sometimes talked as one type of organization. Therefore, you want to remember these slight differences between the two. While the differences arenât anything too drastic, it is good to remember the two words donât mean exactly the same thing.Examples of incubators and acceleratorsOrganizations, similar to todayâs business accelerators and incubators, existed already in the 1980s in small numbers. If you look at the US, there were perhaps around a dozen organi zations to help set up your business back then, while there are now over 1,000 different incubators and accelerators in the country, according to the National Business Incubation Association.There are plenty of examples of successful incubators and accelerators, but here are few you can look up for a closer look.Y Combinator â" the famous accelerator kick-started the trend in 2005. It is a typical seed accelerator and Y Combinator is considered the most commercially successful accelerator. Some of the businesses that have gone through its programs include CodeAcademy and AirBnBMassachusetts Biomedical Initiatives (MBI) â" MBIâs roots go all the way back to 1985 and the organization has helped around 50 companies during the years. Some of the medical companies it has helped include GenToros and ZATA Pharmaceuticals.ATP Innovations â" the Australian company is the countryâs largest business incubator and highly respected in its field. The incubator is focused on technology and pharmaceutical companies and the businesses that have gone through the ranks include Clarity Pharmaceuticals and Elastagen.Watch the below YouTube video for an introduction to one US-based business incubator: THE BUSINESS MODELS OF INCUBATORS/ACCELERATORSAs mentioned above, the explosion of incubators and accelerators has led to different ways these organisations operate. In this section, we will take a closer look at the different business models of incubators and accelerators.Four common business modelsWhile there are a number of ways an incubator or an accelerator can set up, thereâs a tendency to follow one of these four common approaches. Each model has its own benefits, as well as disadvantages, and they target different sorts of industries.The four models are often associated with Rahul Patwardanâs essay Best Practices for Managing Incubators. Below is a short summary of each model.Local economic development incubatorsAs the name suggests, local economic development incub ators target small businesses, often working in the service or craft industry. It can spring larger businesses as well, but this doesnât necessarily happen on purpose.These incubators can provide different services from hosting to administrative tasks. They also provide different consulting and coaching options, as well as help the businesses to gain access to financing. The incubators often donât provide direct financing, but rather help businesses access external financing.These local incubators tend to be relatively small and can often have problems with the stability of available resources. In certain instances, the quality of services can also be hindered.Academic and scientific incubatorsAcademic and scientific incubators are quite popular, with many famous universities offering a business incubator as part of their operational activity. They mostly target internal projects at the university and you often need to be a student at the institution in order to get involved.Aca demic and scientific incubators can offer plenty of technical advice, as well as the possibility to test different concepts. Furthermore, you can learn about intellectual property rights and most incubators offer seed capital to fund the projects.As the project matures, academic and scientific incubators can provide further access to funding and provide a route to industrial networks.The problem with this model is the inflexibility, as it operates as part of an established institution. This can mean that access is limited and the operational flexibility is restricted. The ability to access external resources and networks can also be somewhat limited.Corporate incubatorsAcademic and scientific institutions arenât the only organizations that can set up incubators. In some instances, corporations themselves can launch incubators for both external and internal projects. The businesses, which are part of these incubators, only need to be related to the main activity of the company.Corp orate incubators are good at offering financial resources, as well as conduct things such as prototype and market testing. The resources available for these actions are multiple and companies participating in these programs can enjoy great access to commercial markets.On the other hand, there can sometimes be conflicts of interest in terms of the management and the start-up companies. Furthermore, while corporate incubators have plenty of resources, the ability to mobilize these can sometimes be limited due to bureaucracy.Private investorsâ incubatorsFinally, there is the model of private investorsâ incubators and accelerators. These are aimed at start-ups in a variety of fields, but many have ICT and biotechnology focus.These models provide companies advice in terms of management and strategy, as well as boost personal networks for the companies. Furthermore, they are aimed at providing financing for the business and often have several types of financing arrangements available. Private investorsâ incubators can also offer administrative and hosting services, as well as provide legal assistance to new companies.The disadvantages are often related to the conditions of providing the service. While companies can receive plenty of financing, the terms of financing might not be as lucrative for the business as they are for the incubator. Furthermore, on the incubatorâs point of view, sourcing quality projects can sometimes be a difficult task.If you want to learn more on business incubators and accelerators, then read this longer guide.[slideshare id=26891501doc=businessincubation-131005094717-phpapp01type=dw=640h=330]Non-profit and for-profit modelsIncubators and accelerators can operate either as a non-profit or a for-profit business. If you look at the above four models, the local economic development incubators and the academic and scientific incubators tend to operate as non-profit entities. On the other hand, the other two â" corporate and private in vestorsâ incubators â" are generally for-profit organizations.Non-profit incubators donât expect much in return of a place in the program. For them, the promotional benefit of generating successful businesses is often enough. For example, for an academic organization, a company that creates a ground-breaking new product will always be linked with the institution and thus boost the institutionâs ability to fundraise.On the other hand, the for-profit model is especially big in the technology world. For-profit organizations tend to operate through the accelerator model. These accelerators take a specific percentage of the start-up, as they enter the program. This portion is later sold or bought back by the start-up and the accelerator often makes a profit for doing so.Two successful models have emergedAs the above shows, there are many ways to model an incubator or an accelerator. Some of the models out there have proven to be more successful than others. While incubators and ac celerators can execute these in different ways, the two below business models have proven successful in finding companies with high growth potential.The seed modelThe seed fund model is among the most common in the incubator industry. Y Combinator, as well as many of the other most successful incubators, successfully uses this model, and accelerators rely on this approach.The seed fund model is a combination of high-quality filter and broad portfolio approach to finding the right companies. The high-quality filter means the incubator is focused on attracting only the brightest of talent. These incubators and accelerators often have a vetting process â" the first stage lasts for a while after which only the best ideas and companies continue.In addition, the seed fund model also utilizes the broad portfolio approach. Under this approach, the incubator would accept multiple companies of which only a handful might become a huge success for the organization.The constant pivot modelThen there is the constant pivot model, which is similar to the academic and scientific approach. Under this model, incubators arenât looking for start-ups or companies. Instead, they attract talent in a specific field and these people start coming up with ideas under the guidance of the incubator.These ideas are developed and tested with the help of the incubator. If they arenât proven successful, the person can move on to a new idea. If the idea gains traction, the incubator then can help finance it and provide the new start-up the building blocks for future.THE ROLE OF A BUSINESS INCUBATOR / ACCELERATORAs the definition of an incubator and accelerator suggests, they are all about boosting a start-upâs chances of success. With nearly 90% of start-ups failing in the first few months, an organization that can guide it through the starting hurdles can be vital for many venturing into the world of entrepreneurialism for the first time.Helping the business or the idea to grow into som ething biggerThe sole focus of incubators and accelerators is to help a business or an idea to grow. The way these organizations go about dealing with these can vary greatly. In essence, there are two different ways incubators and accelerators can assist a start-up: with direct and indirect help.Direct assistance involves things such as the physical space to do business. Many start-ups donât have the money to invest in an office and all the other equipment and therefore, incubators often offer free space for companies in their programs. This type of help can also include things such as office materials, labs to test products and so on.Furthermore, direct assistance can also come in terms of management. Incubators can provide high-quality management for start-ups and other such mentoring help. There can be lessons and workshops in running a business. Start-ups can even enjoy access to in-house legal staff.Incubators and accelerators can also provide indirect assistance. This could be in terms of creating networks by meeting other companies and entrepreneurs through the programs. The company can also create new networks within the industry simply by belonging to one of these organizations.While the incubators or accelerator might not offer direct office space, they might be able to help the start-up find such space at discounted prices, for example. Furthermore, the legal, as well as business connections, the incubator can direct the company towards can be vital.Being part of a well-known incubator and accelerator program can also enhance the companyâs prospects once the program ends. Many of these programs have a good reputation in the business world and it can enhance the companyâs future to simply be able to say itâs been through one of these courses.Finally, indirect and direct assistance is also available in terms of funding. Some incubators can offer direct access to funding, with accelerators mainly operating under this financing model. On the oth er hand, even if direct financing isnât available, incubators can generally help companies gain access to funds.The two key things for business accelerator or incubator successThe success of some of the incubators and accelerators has meant many have tried setting up their own organizations. Incubators and accelerators can now be found everywhere; many universities offer them and many cities have their own incubators looking to find the next big firm.Yet, quantity hardly equals to quality. There are business incubators out there who are not only failing the companies entering their programs, but are also failing themselves as an organization.Sramana Mitra has studied the problems incubators and accelerators have. According to Mitra, in order for a business incubator or accelerator to succeed, it must provide focus on these two things: the ability to add real value and measuring success more than through a funding metric.#1: Adding real valueA business incubator can only succeed if it provides real value for the company. Offering a place to work and a list of different financing options doesnât constitute as real value.The incubator must help the business or the entrepreneur achieve two things. First, the incubator must help the start-up find out, if there is a validated market opportunity where people are willing to pay for a specific service or product. Second, the incubator should help the start-up develop the product and service to address this market.This means a successful incubator must be able to offer tangible advice and mentoring for the business. The role of an incubator is to see what are the weaker points of the start-up and help to address these.#2: Measuring success as more than funding numbersAnother point Mitra makes deals with the way incubators measure success. Success shouldnât be only about the level of funding the company receives. In the end, a successful business is an entity that can grow organically and operate as a self-sustaini ng company. If you consider this, the amount of funding the company receives should be less relevant.Whilst incubators should provide funding to companies, if it is relevant and appropriate, it should also help the business grow in a manner that doesnât require outside funding to succeed.
Thursday, May 21, 2020
17 Free French Worksheets to Test Your Knowledge
These free French worksheets will test what youve been taught to make sure youre actually learning and progressing through the French language. Print them off to evaluate how well you know your numbers, colors, and common phrases and words in French. When youre done with these worksheets, consider trying French audio resources and language learning software. Do Your Know Your French Numbers? Learning your numbers is the basics in any language. Print off these free French worksheets to test how well you can translate numbers and English words to and from French. French Counting Worksheet. Download PDF - Draw a line from each French number to the picture it describes. Youre tested on numbers 0-6. An answer key is included. Download PDF - Match the 10 numbers together using the English and French words. Two additional parts of this worksheet have you translate larger numbers into French. The answers can be found in this PDF. Download PDF - This worksheet has you circle the correct French word that represents the number of objects in each square. Other exercises are in this one worksheet as well, like matching English and French numbers and writing the French number that comes next in the sequence. All the answers are included. Test How Well You Know French Colors With These Free Worksheets These worksheets have you either write the color you see in French or color the image with what you translate from French. Either way, youre tested on your translation of French colors. French Color By Number Game. Download PDF - Translate 10 phrases that have to do with colored items you find on a beach. You must translate back and forth from English and French. Download PDF - This is a fun exercise to test whether or not you know the basic colors in French. You must color the house in the way the instructions tell you to, and then check your colors with the answer key to verify that youre right. Download PDF - Very similar to the previous worksheet, color the sky with the proper colors that are shown in French. A colored image is available as the key. Download PDF - Write the French word for the color of each of these five animals. The correct answers are included. More Free French Worksheets All of these French worksheets are also free, and test you on other things like animals, nouns, phrases, and other French words. French Crossword Puzzle Game. Download PDF - Four easy and four medium crossword puzzles can be printed from this one PDF file to test how well you know French words that have to do with transportation. Answers are not included. Similar ones can be downloaded for School and Education, Shopping, and Adjectives.à Download PDF - This 17-page file has a handful of sets of questions that test what you know about French grammar, like present tenses and imperfect tenses. All of the answers are included in the last page. Download PDF - Here are 10 words and phrases in French that you must translate into English. Some examples:à I need, Have you, Ill take, andà Please. Answers are at the bottom of the second page. Download PDF - These 10 animals are easy to identify, but do you know what word to use to describe them in French? Download PDF - Match up the French words with these 10 animals. Download PDF - Youre given six pictures, and you must match them with the French sentences that describe them. Download PDF - Can you accurately translate this French nursery rhyme into English? The correct translation is on the second page of this PDF. Download PDF - Read the French passage and see if you can answer the three true/false questions. Download PDF - With this printable worksheet, you must rewrite 20 French nouns with the correct definite article in front of them. All the answers are included in the second page. Visit Download Pageà - This entire worksheet is in French. After reading the prepositions pertaining to where the monkey is in relation to the boxes, you must answer a handful of questions about them. You need to create a free user account with this website before you can download the PDF.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Analysis Of The Article A Modest Proposal - 1482 Words
The article ââ¬Å"A Modest Proposalâ⬠is a proposal made by a man named Jonathan Swift who is also known for Gulliverââ¬â¢s Travels which is another well spoken essay of satire. When the people of Dublin are suffering from poverty and overpopulation, Swift writes up a satirical hyperbole that mocks the heartless Irish attitudes towards the poor. The bottleneck effect of people was so dreadful that all the Catholic families of Dublin were not able to support their own children. Due to these conditions Swift writes this proposal to end the kingdomââ¬â¢s issues in a serious but derisive way. All of his solutions tend to be ethically wrong, but he backs up his solutions with statistical facts. Swiftââ¬â¢s proposal is a satire made to jolt the people of Dublin, Ireland into understanding the growing issues the kingdom faces with poverty and overpopulation. Swiftââ¬â¢s method of choice for a long term elucidation is to turn the Dublinerââ¬â¢s problems into their own so lution. The proposal consists of feeding the fattened up children of the poor and selling them to the rich citizens of the kingdom as food. Swift states that doing this will help relieve families from paying for expensive children, decrease overpopulation, add culinary values, increase employment, and will overall add to the economic status of the kingdom. Swift concludes his proposal saying that it is in his greatest interest that his proposal does not take effect, and that his only motives are improving the public good of his country,Show MoreRelatedJonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal949 Words à |à 4 Pages ââ¬Å"A Modest Proposalâ⬠by Jonathan Swift takes place in Dublin Ireland in the 18th century. The narrator is a very ironic character. His ââ¬Å"modestâ⬠proposal is anything but modest. This short story takes place during a famine. Since there was a famine, Swift proposes the idea that people sell their one year old children to the rich so they would not be a burden to their family. One important way in which the author engages the audienceââ¬â¢s attention and tries to help his readers see deeper politicalRead MoreJonathan Swift Satire Analysis1108 Words à |à 5 Pagesomparing Irony In both Mark Twain and Jonathan Swiftââ¬â¢s articles there is an effective use of irony. Irony in satirical writing is normally used for the speaker to convey the opposite intended meaning to which they are stating; along with antiphrasis, the use of a word when the opposite meaning is implied, irony makes a valuable asset to satirical literature. The sarcastic use of irony was input to both readings to express the writerââ¬â¢s disappointment towards their societies teachings during theirRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Swift s A Modest Proposal1076 Words à |à 5 Pages Mansoon Acharya Kayla Schreiber H1003 October 10, 2017 Rhetorical Analysis on Swiftââ¬â¢s A Modest Proposal A Modest Proposal is a sarcastic humored essay that examines the attitude of the rich towards the poor starving children in their society. Swift uses many rhetorical devices. Swift uses logical metaphors, repetition, and humor, satire and sarcasm tone to point out the negative attitudes. He starts by blaming the mothers of the children by telling them they should work hard and work honestly insteadRead MoreThe Irish Potato Famine and the Population and Social Trends through 1700-18501295 Words à |à 6 Pagesthird of the Irish population was dependent on this crop. This was inevitable due to the sole dependency of the Irish people on home-grown potatoes and the population almost doubling from 1800 - 1840. The journal, ââ¬Å"Spaces for Famine: A Comparative Analysis in Ireland and the Highlands in the 1840ââ¬â¢sâ⬠by Liz Young states that ââ¬Å"if the crop was poor or failed, families could not manage and to compare, 50,000 people died when crops failed in 1817-1819.â⬠The Irish people could not sustain could not sustainRead MoreThe House Of Lords Report On Surveillance, Privacy And The Constitution1140 Words à |à 5 Pagesreasoning behind the government proposals is war against terrorism and the idea that if you have everyoneââ¬â¢s personal information and whereabouts it will be far easier to prevent a terrorist attack or catch the perpetrator. However, there is a huge opposition to these said proposals. The report puts forward some questions about how mass surveillance is affecting our country, and where to draw the line when it comes to watching our population. The main aim of this article is to shed the light on how farRead Moreââ¬Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrockâ⬠by T.S. Eliot is a widely studied and analyzed modernist1300 Words à |à 6 Pagesof J. Alfred Prufrock.â⬠However, those that revisit the poem are more inclined to enjoy and analyze the poem, finding an interest in the character of J. Alfred Prufrock. Charles C. Walcutt is one of the many individuals fueled to provide a deeper analysis of this text and in his contribution to the November edition of College English, an essay entitled ââ¬Å"Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,â⬠he addresses his impression that the ââ¬Å"Love Songâ⬠portion of ââ¬Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrockâ⬠Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of A Modest Proposal 1863 Words à |à 8 PagesRhetorical Analy sis: A Modest Proposal In ââ¬Å"A Modest Proposal,â⬠Jonathan Swift provides a satirical exploration of the attitudes of the wealthy people towards the underprivileged and poor children in the society. Laymen and intellectuals during the late seventeenth century distributed political pamphlets containing different ideas throughout Ireland. In his essay, Swift utilizes some of the overlooked pamphlets during this period and develops an ironic proposal. As a colony of the British, IrelandRead MoreThe Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wylde658 Words à |à 3 PagesIn this sense Miss Prism could be interpreted as a didactic tool to comment on the state of the education system. Works Cited http://www.humanities360.com/index.php/history-of-satire-67383/ 5 http://www.gbacg.org/costume-resources/original/articles/dandy.pdf 7 http://www.directessays.com/viewpaper/74557.html 8 London Life the Great Exhibition 1851 ââ¬â J. R. C Yglesias 9 Le Dandysme en France (1817ââ¬â1839) (Geneva and Paris) - John C prevost (1957) 10 http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/23789-cynicism-is-intellectual-dandyismRead MoreAnalysis Of Ezra Pound s 1146 Words à |à 5 Pagesignorance of Latin and the radical distortion he made and his claim of producing a free-verse translation of the poem. He concluded that Pound has no respect for Propertius and that he should learn the moral principles in translation, a reference to his article published in 1965. And finally, Robert Nicholas, a Gregorian poet, who echoed Haleââ¬â¢s review over Poundââ¬â¢s mistranslation of Propertius. In Poundââ¬â¢s essay, Date Line, he identifies five different modes of literary criticism and one of them is ââ¬Å"criticismRead MoreAn Analysis of the Powers of the European Parliament Essay2934 Words à |à 12 PagesAn Analysis of the Powers of the European Parliament History of the European Parliament: On the 18th April 1951 the Ministers representing France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg signed in Paris a treaty which established the European Coal and Steel Community, the ECSC was born. The most important feature of the ECSC was its supranational character, it was a supranational organization. It was aptly described as a quasi federation in an important economic
Comparison of Two Poems Free Essays
In two of D. H Lawrenceââ¬â¢s works Bat and Man and Bat, both poems portray the authorââ¬â¢s encounters with bats and his feeling of disgust towards them. In this essay I will compare the two poems in terms of tone, rhythm, diction and style. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Two Poems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both Bat and Man and bat started with a peaceful tone; the author describes the setting in Florence, Italy and gives a calming tone to the readers. However, as the author proceeds with the poem, and starts to introduce a bat, the tone starts to change. In bat, the tone changes gradually, the author wonders why a swallow would fly so late- at this point he describes the swallowââ¬â¢s movement and the tone changes; the readers sense a mysterious feel. When the author does confirm that the bird is in fact a bat, the tone of the poem changes, we sense the disgust the author feels towards the bats, using words such as ââ¬Å"old ragâ⬠, giving ââ¬Å"uneasy creeping in oneââ¬â¢s scalpâ⬠(341-342). This particular tone set by the author greatly defines the hate he has for bats and also due to change in rhythm and diction, helps the readers experience the events within the poem. However, the tone in Man and Bat did not change as gradually, in fact it changes drastically. Soon after the start of the poem, the author introduces the bat and almost immediately words such as ââ¬Å"disgustingâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Out! Go Out! â⬠(342) sets the tone of disgust. Throughout the ââ¬Ërantââ¬â¢ the tone remains the same, but the author did change the tone twice; when the main character in the poem (supposedly the author) realizes that the bat cannot leave his room because he cannot face the light, a sense of pity clouds the readers, the author feels pit for the bat and changes the mood slightly for a while. The tone of disgust returns though soon after yet it changes again; whilst the author wants to kill the bat and throw it away, he said that he didnââ¬â¢t create the bat therefore he cannot kill it, the tone shifts back to pity for the second time, giving the readers more hints that the author does pity the bat and does not wish to kill it. Man and Bat ends quite gracefully, the last few sentences had a peaceful tone, the author was quite happy that the bat had left and now enjoys the evening leaving the readers at ease. However, in Bat the ending still had the tone of disgust, ending the poem with an exclamation mark really emphasizes on the disgust. Both Bat and Man and Bat also start with similar rhythm; the pace was quite slow with the help of ellipses which helped prolonged the sentences. These prolonged sentences tend to calm the readers, so they could feel how ââ¬Ëlazyââ¬â¢ the author feels through the poem. In Bat, the author changes the rhythm gradually too; after noticing the birds, the author still narrates with a lazy rhythm but also attentive, and that is how the readers start to feel suspicious of these swallows. As soon as the bats are introduced, exclamation marks are also introduced to readers; these exclamation marks give a heightened sensation to the readers and make them feel rushed (finding themselves reading through the poem with greater speed). This fast rhythm also gives more tension to the readers, giving a ââ¬Ëthrillerââ¬â¢ feel and gives more entertainment value to the poem, as the author describes in great detail the batââ¬â¢s flights. However, the author still uses ellipses as he describes the bats, but these ellipses have a different effect; instead of prolonging the sentence it adds more mystery and a hint of uncertainty. In Man and Bat, the rhythm doesnââ¬â¢t change as gradually and the rhythm is even faster than that of Bat; as soon as the bat is introduced, the author changes the rhythm immediately, using repetition of the words ââ¬Ëround and round and roundââ¬â¢ (342) to rush and tense the readers more into reading the poem faster. The scene where the author tries to escape the bat is a typical action scene, happening very quickly. The author uses more exclamation marks to tense and fasten the rhythm more and this fast rhythm really helps the readers to understand the situation of the poem and also enhances the tone of disgust the author uses in the poem. Nevertheless, Man and Bat ended in a calming pace, the author reflects on the bat and threw away his grudges towards it- it leaves the readers content with the happy ending. However, Bat did not end as peaceful; the ending came abruptly, the author still hints a disgusted tone and the rhythm did not slow down- it even ended with an exclamation mark. This kind of ending leaves the readers hanging unlike Man and Bat. There were two main dictions in Bat and Man and Bat; diction for movement and diction for disgust. Both poems describe the batââ¬â¢s movements in the air, going ââ¬Ëround and round and roundââ¬â¢ and in both works the author emphasizes on his revolt towards the ââ¬Ëdisgusting old ragsââ¬â¢. In Bat, the author chose words such as ââ¬Ëswallows with spools of dark thread sewing the shadows togetherââ¬â¢ when describing the birds movement; the readers feel the mystery of these swallows- yet not disgusted- and somehow the swallowââ¬â¢s flight seemed elegant. However, when realizing that these swallows were in fact bats, the author uses words such as ââ¬Ëwildly vindictiveââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëhanging disgustingly upside downââ¬â¢ (341) even though these are the same birds he saw. The authorââ¬â¢s change of words help adding depth towards the tone of disgust he hints, and his choice of words impact how the readers feel towards the bat, mainly revolt. The authorââ¬â¢s choice of words also affects the rhythm; the readers think that the batââ¬â¢s movements are wild, uneasy and frightening instead of the elegance of the swallows. Nevertheless, the authorââ¬â¢s choice of words in Man and Bat even emphasizes more on the batââ¬â¢s crazy movements and his dislike towards them. Within the first page the author already plunges into words such as ââ¬Ëa twitchy, nervous, intolerable flightââ¬â¢, ââ¬Ëa neurasthenic lungeââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëimpure frenzyââ¬â¢ (342). These words really affect the poemââ¬â¢s pace and adding more depth towards the already obvious hatred; readers feel overwhelmed whilst reading Man and Bat because it contains carefully chosen words which gives great impact. Another obvious technique the author uses is repetition of the word ââ¬Ëroundââ¬â¢ which is used to describe the movement of the bat within the characterââ¬â¢s room. In fact, the author uses that word 22 times in Man and Bat. In conclusion, D. H Lawrence used tone, rhythm and diction to his full advantage when writing Bat and Man and Bat to portray his repulse towards bat and its wild and frightening movements. How to cite Comparison of Two Poems, Papers
Saturday, April 25, 2020
Were all wrong free essay sample
I stared blankly at the green, glossy cover of my environmental science textbook. My eyebrows furrowed and I squirmed in my seat. All those years of Judaic studies continuously slapped me in the face, as I conjured up vivid memories of praying every morning with the schools congregation and reciting DVar Torah in class. I also recollected clear images of being scolded for immodesty as my denim skirt was an inch shorter than what the private schools dress code entailed. Just then, as I snapped out of my moment of nostalgic flashback, my environmental science teacher was rapidly scribbling the theories of Darwins Evolution and The Big Bang upon the chalkboard, indicating that religious creation stories are unaccepted by the science community. I wasnt surprisedI already knew that. It was the overwhelming uncertainty that came over me, and the first time I thought, what if were all wrong? There was one end of the spectrum whispering into my ear all the scientifically proven phenomena from the moment the earth was just a fiery ball of noxious gases up until the time when its soil became fruitful. We will write a custom essay sample on Were all wrong or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then on the other end of the spectrum were the Old Testament scriptures I grew up with: Adam and Eve, Cain and Abel, Noah and the Ark, chanting in my ear. However, the two angels on my shoulders were not the ones poking fun at me; rather it was the devilish realization that I could not foresee the after-life. It wasnt as easy as phoning Moses and inquiring, Hey, so hows heaven going for ya? Thus, I came to the acceptance that there are certain things that this world cannot explain to anyone, let alone me. After all, they are called theories for a reason. However, I still could not use this realization as an excuse for ignoring my conflict of faith. I knew I had to pick one over the other; I had to find a purpose behind all the words.Most of the frustration came with being unsure of who I really was, so I kept thinking about all these stories that flooded my memory and how they actually related to me. If I removed all the frills, Adam and Eve would be simply a story about temptation, while Cain and Abel would be about jealousy: two conjoined human traits. If I did the same with The Ten Commandments, Id get a simple set of guidelines that forbids three immoralities: murder, robbery, and adultery. All these perplexing stories were just simple life-lessons and relative interpretations of human nature. I came to the realization that they werent taught to me for the sake of being taught, rather for the sake of my well-being and morality.Another aspect of the frustration came with swallowing the scientific theories in a way that would allow me to perceive both the secular and spiritual realms together. I always embraced the idea that conducting scientific experiments was and still is the key to unraveling the mysteries of the world, like exotic species, diseases, and ancient artifacts. With biology, I could learn how to stay physically healthy; with psychology, I could learn how to stay mentally stable; and with environmental science, I could learn how to keep my surroundings secure. It suddenly made sense to me that I could learn more about my own physical self in relation to the environment, through science. Although I could never be completely certain about theories regarding the past, I am still able to make my own observations and inferences from the present. I then knew what it meant to have conflicting beliefs and how to compensate between the two, without rejecting one for the other. With these two different but united ways of grasping life, it was almost as if I carried two handbooks: one a moral code and the other a green, glossy textbook. Except this time, my eyebrows didnt furrow anymore.
Wednesday, March 18, 2020
dad essays
dad essays Eudora Weltys A Worn Path is a story that emphasizes the natural symbolism of the surroundings. As the story begins, we are introduced to our main character, Phoenix Jackson; she is described as a small, old Negro woman. I believe that the name Eudora Welty gives our main character is very symbolic. The legend of the Phoenix is about a fabled sacred bird of ancient Egyptians. The bird is said to come out of Arabia every 500 years to Heliopolis, where it burned itself on the altar and rose again from its ashes, young and beautiful. Phoenix, the women in the story, represents the myth of the bird because she is described as being elderly and near the end of her life. Phoenix can hardly walk and uses a cane made of an old umbrella to aid her. Her skin is described as old and wrinkly, but yet with a golden color running beneath it Her skin had a pattern all its own of numberless branching wrinkles and as though a whole little tree stood in the middle of her forehead, but a golden color r an underneath(55). Her skin tone represents the golden feathers of the Phoenix and her grandson represents the next Phoenix that will be given life when she dies. The trip to the city to get the medicine represents the mythological trip that the Phoenix takes to the sun to die. Most likely this journey along a worn path through the woods, will be one of her last. We are told of Phoenixs journey into the woods on a cold December morning. Although we are know that she is traveling through woodland, the author refrains from telling us the reason for this journey. In the midst of Phoenixs travels, Eudora Welty describes the scene: Deep, deep the road went down between the high green-colored banks. Overhead the live-oaks met, and it was as dark as a cave (Welty 55). The gloomy darkness that the author has created to surround Phoenix in this scene is quite a contrast to the small Negro womans positive ou...
Sunday, March 1, 2020
Theodore Roosevelt and the New York Police Department
Theodore Roosevelt and the New York Police Department Future president Theodore Roosevelt returned to the city of his birth in 1895 to take on a task that might have intimidated other people, the reform of the notoriously corrupt police department. His appointment was front-page news and he obviously saw the job a chance to clean up New York City while reviving his own political career, which had stalled. As the president of the police commission, Roosevelt, true to form, vigorously threw himself into the task. His trademark zeal, when applied to the complexities of urban politics, tended to generate a cascade of problems. Roosevelts time at the top of the New York Police Department brought him into conflict with powerful factions, and he did not always emerge triumphantly. In one notable example, his widely publicized crusade to close saloons on Sunday, the only day when many workingmenà could socialize in them, provoked a lively public backlash. When he left the police job, after only two years, the department had been changed for the better. But Roosevelts time as New York Citys top cop had been raucous, and the clashes he found himself in had nearly brought his political career to an end. Roosevelts Patrician Background Theodore Roosevelt was born into a wealthy New York City family on October 27, 1858. A sickly child who overcame illness through physical exertion, he went on to Harvard and entered New York politics by winning a seat in the state assembly at the age of 23. In 1886 he lost an election for mayor of New York City. He then stayed out of government for three years until he was appointed by President Benjamin Harrison to the United States Civil Service Commission. For six years Roosevelt served in Washington, D.C., overseeing the reform of the nations civil service, which had been tainted by decades of adherence to the spoils system. Roosevelt was respected for his work reforming the federal civil service, but he wished to return to New York City and something more challenging. A new reform mayor of the city, William L. Strong, offered him the job of sanitation commissioner in early 1895. Roosevelt turned it down, thinking the job of literally cleaning up the city was beneath his dignity. A few months later, after a series of public hearings exposed widespread graft in the New York Police Department, the mayor came to Roosevelt with a far more attractive offer:à a post on the board of police commissioners. Enthused by theà chance to bring much-needed reforms to his hometown, and in a very public post, Roosevelt took the job. The Corruption of the New York Police A crusade to clean up New York City, led by a reform-minded minister, Rev. Charles Parkhurst, had prompted the state legislature to create a commission to investigate corruption. Chaired by state senator Clarence Lexow, what became known as the Lexow Commission held public hearings which exposed the startling depth of police corruption. In weeks of testimony, saloon owners and prostitutes detailed a system of payoffs to police officials. And it became apparent that the thousands of saloons in the city functioned as political clubs which perpetuated the corruption. Mayor Strongs solution was to replace the four-member board that oversaw the police. And by putting an energetic reformer like Roosevelt on the board as its president, there was cause for optimism. Roosevelt took the oath of office on the morning of May 6, 1895, at City Hall. The New York Times lauded Roosevelt the next morning but expressed skepticism about the other three men named to the police board. They must have been named for political considerations, said an editorial. Problems were obvious at the outset of Roosevelts term at the top of the police department. Roosevelt Made His Presence Known In early June 1895 Roosevelt and a friend, the crusading newspaper reporter Jacob Riis, ventured out into the streets of New York late one night, just after midnight. For hours they wandered through the darkened Manhattan streets, observing the police, at least when and where they could actually find them. The New York Times carried a story on June 8, 1895 with the headline, Police Caught Napping. The report referred to President Roosevelt, as he was president of the police board, and detailed how he had found policemen asleep on their posts orà socializing in publicà when they should have been patrolling alone. Several officers were ordered to report to police headquarters the day after Roosevelts late night tour. They received a strong personal reprimand from Roosevelt himself. The newspaper account noted: The action of Mr. Roosevelt, when it became known, made a sensation throughout the department and as a consequence, more faithful patrol duty may be performed by the force for some time to come. Roosevelt also came into conflict with Thomas Byrnes, a legendary detective who had come to epitomize the New York Police Department. Byrnes had amassed a suspiciously large fortune, with the apparent help of Wall Street characters such as Jay Gould, but had managed to keep his job. Roosevelt forced Byrnes to resign, though no public reason for the ouster of Byrnes was ever disclosed. Political Problems Though Roosevelt was at heart a politician, he soon found himself in a political bind of his own making. He was determined to shut down saloons, which generally operated on Sundays in defiance of local law. The problem was that many New Yorkers worked a six-day week, and Sunday was the only day when they could gather in saloons and socialize. To the community of German immigrants, in particular, the Sunday saloon gatherings were considered an important facet of life. The saloons were not merely social but often served as political clubs, frequented by an actively engaged citizenry. Roosevelts crusade to shutter saloons on Sundays brought him into heated conflict with large segments of the population. He was denounced and viewed as being out of touch with the common people. The Germans in particular rallied against him, and Roosevelts campaign against saloons cost his Republican Party in the city-wide elections held in the fall of 1895. The next summer, New York City was hit by a heat wave, and Roosevelt gained back some public support by his smart action in dealing with the crisis. He had made an effort to familiarize himself with slum neighborhoods, and he saw that the police distributed ice to people who desperately needed it. By the end of 1896, Roosevelt was thoroughly tired of his police job. Republican William McKinley had won the election that fall, and Roosevelt began concentrating on finding a post within the new Republican administration. He was eventually appointed an assistant secretary of the Navy and left New York to return to Washington. Impact of Roosevelt on New Yorks Police Theodore Roosevelt spent less than two years with the New York Police Department, and his tenure was marked with nearly constant controversy. While the job burnished his credentials as a reformer, most of what he tried to accomplish ended in frustration. The campaign against corruption proved essentially hopeless. New York City remained much the same after he left. However, in later years Roosevelts time at police headquarters on Mulberry Street in lower Manhattan took on legendary status. He would be remembered as a police commissioner who cleaned up New York, even though his accomplishments on the job didnt live up to the legend.
Friday, February 14, 2020
What is Technology, Green Architecture and Green Electricity Essay - 1
What is Technology, Green Architecture and Green Electricity - Essay Example The whole is undoubtedly a vital components for organization as it upholds security, embeds flexibility and allows corporations to implement a modern IT system. The problem that majority companies faced with the traditional IT infrastructure consists of several problems. One of the critical problems is the fact that it takes high energy costs. In addition, the traditional mainframe networks take too much space. Furthermore, the heat that is generated through these servers must be cooled. In fact, recent studies have found that organizations achieved on average an 18% reduction in their budget from green computing and a 16% reduction in data costs. Hence, green technology should be embraced by organizations because it is cost-effective, flexible, and provides safe process of security protocols. As society progressed to 21st century, the criteria of defining and creating a feasible IT infrastructure continue to be a huge focal point for many companies. As mentioned above, many servers tend to create a huge problem with the traditional IT infrastructure. The problem with this idea is the fact that 90% of the time servers are not fully utilized. In order to combat this huge problem, the IT department attempts to install more applications. However, that is only a ââ¬Å"band-aidâ⬠approach to a long-term problem. The result often times is the fact that that this solution is ineffective and unreliable. As the accumulation of factors such as: high energy costs, space issues, and generating heat become a huge issue, companies must seek a new and better solution that is available. Hence, Green technology is a cost-effective solution because it is a revolutionary. Green architecture is highly crucial in 21st century because it allows architectures to create solid foundation of building at a micro level. The concept of nanotechnology has became a crucial aspect for creating architecture since it is a
Saturday, February 1, 2020
Hispanic American Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4
Hispanic American Diversity - Research Paper Example Mexican Americans have been living for a very long time in the United States and have adapted accordingly to the demands of the culture and society. In 2006 it was found that 14 percent of the documented immigrants in the United States belonged to Mexico. These Americans are diverse when it comes to their language. Twenty-six percent of the Mexican Americans can talk in both Spanish and English, 23 percent of them talk English whereas 51 percent speak Spanish. The political stance of Mexican American remains the same as the other Hispanic groups as they have been long ignored in the political arena because of their language differences. However, their voting rights were established long back and they are able to vote easily. It has also been realized that they form a great portion of the voters and they have been specifically targeted by many leaders. Although their political strength is increasing with every passing day it can be still seen that injustice prevails against these immi grants in terms of education, testing and immigration reforms. The Mexican Americans follow the principles of Catholicism accordingly. The economic condition of these Americans has not become any better as there still remains a huge gap between the born Americans and the immigrants. The rate of poverty, unemployment is higher in this group if compared with the Whites (Schaefer 2010; Keedle 2010). Puerto Ricans form another major group of Hispanics in the United States. These Americans tend to be more oriented towards the English Language as they have been a part of the US history. These people have known to be undergoing a phenomenon known as neocolonialism as they are not able to accept the American identity as a whole. The economic stance of the Puerto Ricans is not as good as the whites and they are known to suffer from a higher rate of unemployment too.Ã Ã
Friday, January 24, 2020
Television Programs :: Personal Narrative Media Entertainment Essays
Television Programs Nature. PBS. 2004. Orangutans: Just Hanginââ¬â¢ On. When I was nine years old, my family lived in Ayer, Massachusetts. I was sad to leave my friends in Colorado behind, but luckily lived on a street with a lot of other kids that I became fast friends with. There was a military base located in the town, so it was not unusual for new transplants to come in and out of the school throughout the school year. My teacher was fantastic and helped me catch up when it was clearly evident that this school was way ahead of mine back home. Soon I became one of the top students in my class and had made a best friend in the girl across the street. I began to become accustomed to my quaint small town, with the candy store that still sold nickel candies. There was a bookstore that didn't mind if you read the magazines without paying for them, just as long as your fingers were not sticky from your nickel candy. It was one of those wonderful carefree days as a kid that my whole world changed. I had received a scooter for my birthday and rode up and down the streets with my friends on their bikes after school. The next street over from mine had a long winding hill that the daredevil bike riders liked to coast down at what seemed at the time to be as fast as a car. After riding around my much more level street, my friends became bored and wanted to test it out. I was not the most balanced of creatures on my scooter, and I wimped out. We decided that they would go down the hill and then meet me back at the old school that was next to a large field across the street from my house. The school was from the nineteenth century. There had been a fire there that shut the school down, but amazingly had not caused any structural damage to the outside. It was deemed an historic building so it remained preserved. It was kind of creepy to look in to its abandoned insides, but there was a large asphalt lot behind it and the field next to it, so the former playgrounds received a lot of attention from the kids in the neighborhood. I rode my scooter down towards the back of the school to where a basketball hoop stood and leaned my scooter against the chain link fence.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Imagining Society: Hegemony in Poetry and Fiction Essay
The concept of hegemony, which asserts that society is ruled by a set of beliefs ingrained within the minds of individuals figures heavily into not only the ideals of society but also the representation of images and ideas. In poetry, we can see it in the references to nature, literature, and common social themes that reach beyond national boundaries to be easily relatable to the masses. In fiction, we can see the same concept in the attitudes and behaviors of characters and their respective communities. The poems ââ¬Å"The Love Song of J.à Alfred Prufrock,â⬠ââ¬Å"A Song on the End of the World,â⬠and ââ¬Å"Odessaâ⬠the poets use universally relatable images to invoke imagery and emotion within the characterization of humanity. Kazuo Ishiguroââ¬â¢s Remains of the Day uses a similar notion but rather than representing these ideals through imagery, he exerts the dominance of hegemonic ideals in the behavior and beliefs of an individual character. Each work shows the hegemonic concept in practice, relating the easy acceptance of beliefs and ideals both blatantly as shown in Ishiguroââ¬â¢s story and through a coercion of imagery. They show that Gramsciââ¬â¢s theory applies beyond acceptance of societal norms to the emotional and tangible evidence of the connectedness of perceptions within society. The reading from Kazuo Ishiguroââ¬â¢s Remains of the Day, shows the ability for hegemonic ideals of the upper class to penetrate within an individualââ¬â¢s consciousness in a seemingly unaware manner. For Mr. Stevens, the butler, the silver polish represents a bygone era in his life. This was the height of the society in which he found himself in the periphery. His participation in this ritual, which he describes as significant in an outsiderââ¬â¢s view of that particular household, ââ¬Å"no other objects in the house were likely to come under such intimate scrutiny from outsiders as was silver during a meal, and as such, it served as a public index of the houseââ¬â¢s standardsâ⬠(Ishiguro 86). As butler, he was directly tied into the representation of these standards. The question is why this silver, which had no discernable effect on his own personal life carried such weight for him? Quite simply, Mr.à Stevens as part of the mechanism of upper class society had adopted their views as his own. Though the presentation of silver at the dinner table has little to no relevance in a lower or working class home, the ideal of finely polished silver represents a dream of upper class affluence. The influence of this upper class practice on Stevens is evident in the pride he retains in the ââ¬Å"pleasing impactâ⬠(86) of the Darlington Hall silver on guests. The only relevance this has on his life, and for that matter the lives of the other butlers in great houses, is a matter of hegemonic assignation. They have inherited this ideal of silver from their employers, given their own servant status it would be unlikely they would adopted this view of silver without the influences of the great houses. Similarly in the poem ââ¬Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrockâ⬠the images created by Eliot are easily associated within the mind of the reader. He in fact relies on the hegemonic ideal to help the reader associate his imagery with the correct feelings and sensations. The character of the poem, struggles himself against the constraints of such ideals which relate the world around him to concepts he accepts but cannot reconcile. He is playing his part in the larger play of life, ââ¬Å"There will be time, there will be time/ To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet;/ There will be time to murder and createâ⬠(Eliot 137. ll. 26-28). He is a middle-aged man fighting the depressions of the sameness, the women ââ¬Å"Talking of Michelangeloâ⬠(138. ll. 36) but ignoring the living. Prufrock is left in uncertainty between the ideals, which have been ingrained within him by society, and his own desires to break free, ââ¬Å"Do I dare/ disturb the universe? â⬠(138. ll. 45-46). His struggle is accented with Eliotââ¬â¢s imagery of a broken man that is highlighted by references easily discerned and relatable in the ideas and literature of modern society, ââ¬Å"I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be;/ Am an attendant lord, one that will do/ To swell a progress, start a scene or two,/advise the prince; no doubt, an easy tool,/ Deferential, glad to be of useâ⬠(139. ll. 111-115). In this reference to Hamlet, Eliot identifies Prufrock as a tragic figure though less so than a hero or villain; Prufrockââ¬â¢s sorrow is of a peripheral kind that never reaches the passion of Hamletââ¬â¢s excesses or madness. Prufrockââ¬â¢s melancholy is tempered by his knowledge of what he ought to be and what he wants to be, ââ¬Å"Shall I part my hair behind? Do I dare to eat a peach? / I shall wear white flannel trousers, and walk upon the beach. / I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each. / I do not think that they will sing to meâ⬠(ll. 122-125). He has grown accepting of his role as assigned by society, while Eliot highlights his sadness in the silent songs of the mermaids who even mythical fail to acknowledge or recognize this unremarkable man. His tragedy lies in his anonymity, having absorbed too much of the upper class ideal as part of himself. While the two above readings center in part around a particular class of society, and through that representation show their ideals and the roots of the hegemony within the individual context, Czeslaw Miloszââ¬â¢s poem ââ¬Å"A Song on the End of the Worldâ⬠offers a departure in the lack of specificity to an upper or middle class society. Instead Miloszââ¬â¢s poem relies are universal images of nature, that are easily put into context regardless of class or nationality. By doing this, he is showing the capability to tragedy to reach beyond these boundaries. He juxtaposes the heavy line ââ¬Å"On the day the world endsâ⬠(ll. 1) with the natural and everyday details of nature, ââ¬Å"A bee circles a cloverâ⬠(ll. 2). He is playing off the religious idea of the world ending in great catastrophe. However, in this poem the ââ¬Å"worldâ⬠is not meant to imply the Earth as a scientific fact to be destroyed by natural or manmade disaster. Instead the ââ¬Å"worldâ⬠is humanity, an idea of community and the individual that is implied throughout in the singular, though relatable images of a ââ¬Å"drunkardâ⬠(ll. 9), a ââ¬Å"yellow-sailed boatâ⬠(ll. 11), and a ââ¬Å"violinâ⬠(ll. 2) to show both the universal and personal nature of such an event. Miloszââ¬â¢s relies on hegemony to help the reader understand the interconnectedness of life. He uses easily associated and common images to avoid alienating the audience, instead bringing them into the idea of oneness that was behind the 1944 Warsaw uprising against the Nazis. For the Polish of Warsaw, this defeat represented an ending to the world they had known. Ilya Kaminskyââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Dancing in Odessa,â⬠like Milosz and Eliotââ¬â¢s poems relies heavily on imagery to bring the reader into the moment. Though her images to do not carry the universal relatability of Miloszââ¬â¢s nature images, the emotional and mental effects of the invasion of the Germanââ¬â¢s into Odessa. She builds the first part of the poem with imagery to evoke a sense of freedom, which contrasts sharply with the restrictions of the German invaders. Where once the family had lived ââ¬Å"north of the futureâ⬠(Kaminky 12. ll. 1) and the invaders reveal this removal from the future as a removal from the damages of reality that are encroaching on this community. The danger that arise smother this future and the people live in the past, even before they are so roughly brought to the present, ââ¬Å"my mother danced, she filled the past/ with peaches, casserolesâ⬠(ll. 9-10). Her retelling of the story, is meant to evoke memory buried within the individual. The imagery is such as to show the dreamlike quality of the past seen through the brutal truth of the future. Unlike Eliot and Miloszââ¬â¢s poems she does not rely solely on cultural markers such as Shakespeare or Michaelangelo nor does her nature carry the same universality of the images of nature. However, the day-to-day life as imagined by Kaminsky allows for an understanding that plays on emotion and historical allusions. More separate than the other writers from the hegemonic ideal, the emotions evoked by displacement are meant to strike at the basic human core. Her search for understanding is not so unlike the other poetsââ¬â¢ expression of reality and the altering effects of the human mind on this reality. Any longer in literature language and imagery overlap with history to provide a core understanding that branches barriers of class, nationality, and culture. An understanding of the world is gleaned through these works by the use of the relatable and hegemony of the ideals which dominate the context of their subjects. In both Kaminsky and Miloszââ¬â¢s poems we can easily see and understand the references to the Nazi dominance of World War II and the loss of hope. For Eliotââ¬â¢s Prufrock, so influenced by the ideals of society, the loss of hope is highlighted by his inability to move beyond his melancholy and the life role assigned to him. He has become and will remain what is expected of him. Assigned to a particular class, carrying all of its restrictions and belief within his actions, Prufrock is stunted by his inactivity against this structure. Similarly, Mr. Stevens has taken on the role of butler and absorbed not only the ideals of his status but also those of his employers. In mindset, he is upper class in his equal obsession with silver as a marker of status but in reality he remains a servant without status. The hegemonic concept is apt in the looking at the relationship between language and perception, allowing writers and poets to impart imagery and feeling through easily relatable conclusions. We do not doubt the sadness of Prufrock or the hopelessness that accompanied the Nazi occupation of Warsaw or the subsequent crackdown on the rise the rebellion, nor can we deny the sadness, which accompanies remembering in Kaminskyââ¬â¢s poem. We do not doubt them because we can relate, we can accept these images as representative of the beliefs and ideals of the society to which we are also a part.
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Dissociative Identity Disorder And Psychological Abuse Essay
Just think, how would it feel growing up and having to share your own body with yourself. People that have been in extreme traumatizing situations in their early childhood conjure up this second personality. Only in extreme cases of brain trauma or psychological abuse to an individual. For example, when a child is shy and terrified of society because they were taught that they were never going to be good enough, they will create a better version of them. This shy and terrified child would create an identity that is strong and outgoing. This identity that the child conjured up would become a part of them for the rest of their life. Secondary identity would only appear when provoked. This identity becomes like the childââ¬â¢s superhero saving them from unwanted monsters and the unknown fears in the darkness. Dissociative Identity Disorder is the distinct and separate personality states that are caused by a disturbance of identity. (1) Dissociative Identity Disorder is a rare conditi on where two or more personalities present their self in one individual but never at the same time. While their alternative personality makes it appearance the primary personality experiences memory loss. Dissociative Identity Disorder was also called Multiple Personality Disorder until 1994 when the name was changed because of a better understanding of the medical condition. (2) Multiple Personality Disorder they believed had more than one identity controlling one mind. Now psychologist believeShow MoreRelatedDissociative Amnesia Essay1544 Words à |à 7 Pagesoccurred. In the article, ââ¬Å"Dissociative Amnesia: A Case with Management Challengesâ⬠written by Priti Singh the authorââ¬â¢s goal is to better understand the psychopathology of the disorder. Singh explains that, ââ¬Å"Dissociation is a neurotic defense reaction which temporarily but drastically modifies a personââ¬â¢s character or sense of personal identity to avoid emotional distress.â⬠When a person goes through something traumatic such as a war experience or childhood sexual abuse they may dissociate themselvesRead MoreThe Secret Window And Dissociative Identity Disorder1096 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Secret Window and Dissociative Identity Disorder The Secret Window is a film released in 2004 directed by David Koepp and written by Stephen King. The main issue in this film is one of a psychological basis which keeps the audience on their toes and maybe even slightly confused until all of the pieces fit together at the end of the film. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the psychological issue that plagues the main character, Mort Rainey (portrayed by Johnny Depp), and identify anyRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder (Did) Is A Psychological1005 Words à |à 5 PagesDissociative identity disorder (DID) is a psychological condition in which a person will create one or more alternate identities. DID (formerly known as multiple personality disorder) is just one of three dissociative disorders. This disorder is set apart by the way the identities ââ¬Å"switchâ⬠from one to another. Patients who suffer from dissociative identity disorder can often lead normal lives when diagnosed properly and treated accordingly; som etimes, they cannot. People suffering from dissociativeRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder and Abuse Essay1059 Words à |à 5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder and Abuse The condition once known as multiple personality disorder (MPD) is a very real psychological phenomenon that until recently was mis-understood and often mis-diagnosed. Dissociative identity disorder, DID, as we now call it, is a mental illness where a persons thoughts, feelings, and memories are scattered throughout two or more separate personalities within the victims mind (Appelbaum 107). In 1973 perhaps the worlds most famous psychiatricRead MoreMultiple Personality Disorder Essay1635 Words à |à 7 PagesMultiple Personality Disorder Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is a mental disease that exists in about one percent of the population. Much research supports the existence of this disease and its origins, causes and effects on the people in who suffer with it. This essay will clearly define Multiple Personality Disorder along with a detailed synopsis of the disease itself. The diagnosis, alter personalities, different treatments and views will indicate the disease is real. The AmericanRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder1041 Words à |à 5 Pages 12/16/06 Psychology Paper Period 9 Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder is a severe psychological disorder characterized by at least two or more distinct personalities or different identities. The different personality states are said to occur spontaneously and involuntarily and function more or less independently of each other. The person suffering from the disorder also experiences memory loss that is too extensive to be explained byRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder1221 Words à |à 5 PagesThis research paper is about Dissociative identity disorder (DID) as known as multiple personality disorder. DID in which a person could have many different parts to their personality due to severe stress and an experience of a trauma. A person with DID when the have control over their one identity they cannot remember what they did when their other identities were in control. Most of the time people with DID have two personalities but they could have more than two which is referred as alters. ThenRead MoreDissociative Identit y Disorder970 Words à |à 4 Pages Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is a severe condition in which two or more dissimilar identities, or character states, are present and alternately take control of an individual. The person experiences memory loss that is vaguely extensive to be explained as common forgetfulness. These symptoms are not taken in consideration for by seizures, substance abuse or any other medical conditions. Description of DID: Symptoms: Read MoreDissociative Disorders And The Most Controversial Disorders1055 Words à |à 5 PagesMai Nguyen PSYC 1 Dec. 11, 2015 Dissociative Disorders Dissociative disorders are one of the most controversial disorders that exist. It is often argued that the disorder does not actually exist and that people are over-diagnosed. Dissociative disorders is a type of psychological disorder that involve a sudden loss of memory of change in identity due to the dissociation (separation) of the individualââ¬â¢s conscious awareness from previous memories and thoughts. A common example of a dissociation isRead MorePsychiatric And Psychological Records Of Dissociative Identity Disorder1530 Words à |à 7 Pagescan be found altogether in psychiatric and psychological records of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID); previously called Multiple Personality Disorder. Dissociative Identity Disorder exists as a peculiar mental disorder in which a person possesses two or more evident and distinctive personalities. Through accounts like the movie Sybil, this disorder received much attention worldwide completely altering our previous ideas about Multi ple Identity Disorder. The movie Sybil is based on a true story
Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Within The World Of Sociology There Are Sociological...
Within the world of sociology there are sociological paradigms that can be applied to humanââ¬â¢s perception of the world. The three major sociological paradigms are functional, conflict and symbolic interactionism each playing key different roles when dealing with social issues. These paradigms exist in order to have a basic understanding of how society functions, the role of sociology, and how different things affect social life. Social paradigms have the ability to impact social issues if they are used together in a way that allows them to work at a balance. The functional paradigm consists of different elements of society joining together to create one stable social unit (Colomy, 2013, p.33). In order to maintain stability withinâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦People within society are not seen as equal, there are people who are more privilege and others who will never get ahead (Colomy, 2013, p.37). The conflict paradigm differs from the functional paradigm because it can bett er explain social change within society, however it is not reliant when explaining social stability (Freeman, 2017, lecture 1). The conflict paradigm poses strengths along with weaknesses. Strengths of the conflict paradigm are that it recognizes the power struggles that occur within society and it acknowledges and challenges unequal power among individuals (Freeman, 2017, lecture 1). The weaknesses that conflict poses are the fact it assumes inequality and that it is hard to apply to interactions (Freeman, 2017, lecture 1). The major benefit society gains from this paradigm is its ability to promote social change. This paradigm is important in Chamblissââ¬â¢s piece on what excellence is and what it takes to be successful. Not everyone has the ability to achieve excellence however if individuals have accesses to the proper resources their achievements are more likely to be pursued (Chambliss, 1989, 72). Competition allows for people to struggle achieving excellence, which create s diversity within the world. In addition, Adler and Adlerââ¬â¢s piece on cliques also relates to conflict. Cliques are famously known for the power struggle of social status andShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Sociological Framework of Harriet Martineau1007 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Sociological Framework of Harriet Martineau Over the past twenty years, sociology has gone through a process of self-evaluation, as field researchers and observers express a wariness about the empty universalism of speculative systems and look for ways in which to secure empirical foundations that give way to meaningful application in a pluralistic, postmodern world. The survival of sociology as a critical theoretical discipline is a concern expressed by many, such as contemporary social analystRead MoreIs Sociology a Science1655 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"The study of sociology cannot and should not be seen as scientificâ⬠To what extent do sociological arguments and evidence support this view? (33 marks) The debate about whether sociology can be represented as a science has existed for many years. Comte; who first used the word sociology argued that sociology should be based on the methodology of the natural sciences. He argues that the application of natural science methodology to the study of society would produce a ââ¬Ëpositive science of societyââ¬â¢Read MoreSoc/100 - Applying Sociological Perspectives1063 Words à |à 5 Pages Applying Sociological Perspectives Stephanie Ann Tombline SOC/100 May 30, 2016 Jennifer Hudgins Applying Sociological Perspectives Social networking sites - such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and, Pinterest, just to name a few - provide individuals with an online web of global networking that allows maintaining social ties with one another. Sociologists often ponder, How do these social websites impact society? Above all, this is the question that is the central focus shared byRead MoreAsdfghjkl894 Words à |à 4 PagesSociology Research Area * * Aging and the Life Course * Alcohol and Substance Abuse * Asia amp; Asian America * Collective Behavior and Social Movements * Community and Urban Sociology * Comparative and Historical Sociology * Sociology and Computers * Crime, Law amp; Deviance * Economic Sociology * Environment amp; Technology * Family amp; Marriage * History of Sociology * International Migration * Latino/aRead MoreThe Theory Of The Functionalist Paradigm869 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Functionalist Paradigm is all about that which does and does not maintain a sense of social stability. It is the contention that social structure is the reason that everything is stable or perhaps not so stable, and that said structure is an attempt at maintaining a sort of societal symmetry. This paradigm argues that the best sort of society is a stable one, meaning any possible element that could be used toward that goal should be taken advantage of for the adaptability of the civilizationRead MoreScociological1136 Words à |à 5 PagesMajor Sociological Paradigms There are three sociological perspectives that shape the structure of society as a whole. Functionalist perspective, symbolic interactionism and conflict theory. Sociologists develop these theories to explain social phenomena. In this essay I will explain the origins and evolution of the three main sociological perspectives and listing the sociologists that made major contributions to these disciplines. ââ¬Å"The functionalist perspective is a sociological approachRead MoreThe Conflict Between Personal Experience And The Wider Society910 Words à |à 4 PagesHomelessness has been a common and natural feature of a city throughout the world. While the public perceptions of these ââ¬Å"undesirablesâ⬠are lazy, dangerous, and ignorant, it is not solely their fault and choice to be on the streets. Sociological imagination, as coined and defined by C. Wright Mills, is ââ¬Å"the vivid awareness of the relationship between personal experience and the wider societyâ⬠. Simply put, it is the ability to interpret situations and circumstances in terms of social context and understandRead MoreEssay about Sociology1492 Words à |à 6 Pages Sociology is a field which developed over a millennia ago, but it was not until the nineteenth century that it came into the fore as a bona fide social science, in need of its own classification apart from other social sciences. Sociology, the study of the process of companionship;(pg.396, Ambercrombie,Hill,Turner), is a discipline, which is not exclusively independent in and of its self, yet borrows from many other disciplines such as: history, geography, and anthropology. American sociologyRead MoreIs Sociology a Science? Essay1956 Words à |à 8 Pagessystematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment (Oxford dictionary). This crude definition is elaborated further by a world-famous sociologist Anthony Giddens as ââ¬Ëthe scientific study of human social life, groups, and societies. It is dazzling and compelling enterprise, as its subject matter is our own behavior as social beings. The scope of sociological study is extremely wide, ranging from the analysis of passing encounters betweenRead MoreRedefining Theories : The Importance Of The New Paradigm858 Words à |à 4 PagesRedefining Theories: The Importance of the New Paradigm A new type of theory, introduced by Allison James and Alan Prout in 1993 has taken the sociology world by storm. This new type of thinking, called the ââ¬Å"New Paradigmâ⬠has moved away from the view of children as passive recipients and adult becomings. Instead, it has progressed towards seeing them as competent social actors and human beings who are able to think for themselves while being influenced by their community and environment (McNamee
Sunday, December 22, 2019
Obesity Is A Serious Epidemic Disease - 865 Words
Obesity in United State. Introduction: Obesity also known as overweight is a serious epidemic disease that can cause harm to the systems of the body including the heart. Parent. Obesity is the biggest threat to humanity in the United State of America and something has to be done weatherwise our future generation is at stake. Main point: Health. National consequence. depression Parents,Obesity in United State is affecting health, national consequence and depression to the victims, if something is not done fast to alter this misfortune, there is a high percentage that our future generation is at stake. Health Low life span. Obesity is a vital root of many life-threatening diseases like diabetes type 2, high blood pressure and even stroke. Most people who are obese are often associated with type 2 diabetes because obesity can cause resistance to insulin that produces the hormone to regulate sugar in the blood. Malnutrition motivates obesity whereby producing a lot of cholesterol which closes up the bloodstream in the body causing high blood pressure the process by which the heart is not able to pump the blood needed by the body. All this and others threaten the life of people and can lead to early death. Practicing balance diet and exercising. Most obese people seem as if they do not care about what they eat nor drink. Their greatest concern about what they consume is fast food because they feel indolent about cooking a nutritional food. Their health seemsShow MoreRelatedObesity : Obesity And Diabetes833 Words à |à 4 Pages Over the past several years, obesity has become a serious health concern in all around the world, Including the United States; overweight is at least partly responsible for the dramatic increase in diagnoses of type two diabetes (on-set diabetes) among children and adults. Diabesity is the label for diabetes occurring in the context of obesity (McNaughton 71 ). In Diabesity and the stigmatization of lifestyle in Australia we diagnose the correlation between obesity and diabetes; whether one of themRead MoreObesity : A Serious Health Condition1452 Words à |à 6 PagesObesity is a serious health condition that, if left untreated, causes serious health conditions. Contrary to popular belief, obesity is more than a condition caused by overeating and lack of exercise (Vallor 2013). Obesity is a disease (Callahan 2013); a disease that Americans are spending about $150 billion on annually (Zamosky 2013). Additionally, changing a personââ¬â¢s diet and exercise regimen may not be effective in some cases of obesity (Vallor 2013). Obesity is not like most well-known diseases;Read MoreThe Effects Of Sugar On Our Health983 Words à |à 4 Pagescontinuously exposed to themâ⬠. The increase of added sugar in our foods has led to the obesity epidemic currently in North America. Sugar has very damaging impacts on the body because it is the major factor contributing to obesity, the leading factor of heart disease and the main cause of developing resistance to the Leptis hormone. Furthermore, the United States of America is suffering from an obesity epidemic that has been increasing over the past 20 years. Currently, the percentage ofRead MoreShould We Assign Personal Responsibility For Obesity Epidemic?1649 Words à |à 7 PagesShould we assign personal responsibility for obesity epidemic? Obesity is a growing threat to public health in the World and in the United States. Since 1960, the prevalence of obesity increased twice in the United States. According to a latest report by the Centers for Disease Control and Preventionà on November 11, 2015 obesity rates among U.S. adults increased from 30 % in 2003 to 36.5 % in 2011-2014. The estimated annual health care costs of obesity-related illness is approximately $190 billionRead MoreThe Problem Of Teenage Obesity Essay1177 Words à |à 5 PagesTeenage obesity is rising significantly not only in the New Zealand but all throughout the world. It is growing epidemic and itââ¬â¢s a terrible thing. Watching a teenager wobble around all day out of breath and struggling to manage the stairs at school something no one should ever witness but with 18%â ´ of teenagers obese itââ¬â¢s becoming a more common site everyday. Obesity is a risk factor for several diseases and it can lead to more serious problem in the end and can be fatal that can cause even deathRead MoreObesity: Improving Health Outcomes520 Words à |à 3 Pagesissues we are faced with everyday. I narrowed the search down to obesity and the population I would like to focus on is the adolescents. Health People 2010 identified overweight and obesity as one of the top ten leading health indicators that needs serious attention. Obesity has reached epidemic levels globally; being a significant threat to our own nationââ¬â¢s health. Adolescent obesity rates have more than tripled, as the adult obesity rate has doubled since 1980ââ¬â¢s (Trust for Americas Health, 2011a)Read MoreChildhood Obesity: Effects and Solutions819 Words à |à 3 PagesWe usually think of pandemics as serious diseases that have the potential to hurt thousands if not millions of people through disease. Ironically, a 21st century pandemic is that many in the developed world, through a combination of a sedentary lifestyle, a high-fat diet, and sugary drinks, becom e obese to the point in which it having a serious negative affect on their health. Medical doctors, scholars, researchers are all in agreement that there is a complete link between what we eat and drink,Read MoreEquity Theory and Childhood Obesity1429 Words à |à 6 PagesEssentials of Management. New York: McGraw Hill. Montana, P., Charnov, B. (2008). Management. Hauppauge, NY: Barrons Educational Services. Part 2 Childhood Obesity Literature Review One of the more serious issues affecting the developed world today is the issue of obesity and the link between being overweight and disease. We are literally besieged by advertisements about our health on one hand telling us to eat more, eat late, and eat fast food on the other hand, that we must eat healthierRead MoreResearch Paper First Draft: Is Obesity a Disease?986 Words à |à 4 Pagesto Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012), more than one-third of U.S. adults (35.7%) are obese. This fact effectively underscores the seriousness of the issue at hand. Further, it means that obesity is affecting millions of people in the U.S. alone (either directly or indirectly). As McKnight (2006) points out, one of the leading causes of death in America is physical inactivity. Physical inactivity coupled with other factors has been branded a leading cause of obesity. Every day, peopleRead MoreObesity : The Current State Of Obesity1518 Words à |à 7 Pagesstate of obesity in the United States is a greater than that of other countries who live healthier lifestyles. Living healthy lifestyles is a great goal for a country to look towards achieving, and encouraging these lifestyles can benefit the country as well as the people. There are a lot of benefits for living healthy lifestyles, while there are also many negatives to living an unhealthy lifestyle. Taxing fatty foods would help to encourage buying healthy foods, and it could reduce obesity rates in
Saturday, December 14, 2019
Foreign Direct Investment in Ireland Free Essays
string(39) " and spatial clusters since the 1980s\." ââ¬Å"Foreign Direct Investment in Ireland: Policy Implications for Emerging Economiesâ⬠is a scholarly journal article which is written by Peter J. Buckley and Frances Ruane of the University of Leeds and Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland. The article is well structured and starts off with an introduction explaining how the important role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the global economy relates to issues of how the foreign direct investment (FDI) they control impacts on overall economic activity in the receiving countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Direct Investment in Ireland or any similar topic only for you Order Now It explains that specific emphasis is centered on how the government can influence FDI policies and thereby attract more of an audience. The journal article focuses the entire paper on the FDI in Ireland because of two primary reasons: 1) because Ireland has consistently promoted export-platform inward investment into the manufacturing sector for over four decades, and 2) MNEs in the Ireland economy now account for fifty percent of manufacturing employment and are the focal point of restructuring of the Irish manufacturing sector over the past twenty years. The introduction then goes on to explain that there are four sections of the paper (the first being the introduction itself). The second section examines literature that emphasizes the selective promotion of MNEs, as well as the DFI policies that have promoted MNEs on a selective basis in Ireland. The third section shows primarily how Ireland has attempted to establish industrial clusters in manufacturing, while the fourth and final section draws out some policy propositions for newly emerging economies, which are based on the Irish policy experience. For the second section of the journal article, it explains that until the 1970s there was pretty much an implication of free mobility of capital across sectors. Then, it explains, the ââ¬ËInternalization Schoolââ¬â¢ provided a strong connection between MNEs and development in general. In essence, the school argued that developing countries are inexperienced and lack resources, so FDI could essentially help developing countries through capital, technology, and management techniques as well as overall ââ¬Å"know-how. MNEs have far better access to capital from the international banking sector, and this can make a dramatic effect on the development of countries. Technology transfer can also speed up development by ââ¬Å"facilitating the production of goods with higher value-added content by increasing exports and improving efficiency. â⬠The article explains that MNEs posses most of the international patents and it would be much easier for developing countries to get access to these resources by inviting and encouraging FDI. The article also points out that MNEs can also play a huge role in teaching the know-how of the newly emerged sector or enterprise to locals in the respective emerging economy. Finally what is also pointed out is that MNEs allow developing countries to penetrate foreign markets because they may make use of worldwide marketing outlets thereby allowing the selling of products where large marketing investments would have otherwise been needed. Ireland starting shifting its policies from high rates of tariff protection and prohibition of FDI towards a free trade policy that comprised of encouragement and incentives for MNEs. More specifically, the incentives were given in the form of generous financial support for capital investment as well as through giving a tax holiday of fifteen to twenty years on the incremental profits generated by export sales. The journal article then goes on to further elaborate on the development of policy in Ireland. It explains that Ireland realized huge benefits in the 1960s because it had very attractive FDI environment. This was furthered by Irelandââ¬â¢s entry in to the European Community in the 1970s. However, in the 1970s, policy towards FDI became much more selective in Ireland. More specifically, it encouraged investment into the production of high-tech goods by proactively seeking out electronics and pharmaceuticals enterprises and gave higher rates of financial assistance to these high-tech promoted sectors. Another advantage to potential FDI was that there was no opposition or domestic competitors. In formulating this more selective approach, policymakers in Ireland developed a specific system of selectivity for influencing the pattern of MNE investment that was comprised of four stages: (i) finding niche high-value/volume product markets with European growth potential; (ii) identifying enterprises in these markets, which were already exporting large volumes into Europe likely, in terms of the product cycle, to con- sider a European production base; (iii) persuading these enterprises to consider Ireland as an investment base; and (iv) agreeing an incentives package which would both secure the investment and ensure maximum benefit to Ireland as a host country. Since the 1980s, there has been continued evolving in the policy, largely because of limitations set by the EU which ultimately led to the replacement of the original tax holiday with an overall low corporate tax on all profits (trade-neutral). The article then shows how there is a parallel with Ireland concerning China. It explains that China is an attractive location for FDI largely because of its growing domestic industry as well as its low-cost exporting system. It lists a problem that is associated with the aggressive FDI and MNE policy creation that often blocks local private companies from accessing capital thereby cutting them off from export markets. The third section of the journal article discusses the development of clusters in Ireland. It is explained that such development has evolved to be that enterprises now need to take account not only of the presence and costs of traditional factors (such as transport costs and demand levels or patterns), but also of distance-related transaction expenses. There is a lot of theoretical history and implications made from different schools of thought, however this section (and the focus of the article in general) is more concerned with how this relates to Ireland and what developing countries can learn out of it. The article explains that there has always been an Irish effort to induce MNEs to locate in areas of high unemployment and depopulation via financial incentives, however the country only began attempting to build sectorial and spatial clusters since the 1980s. You read "Foreign Direct Investment in Ireland" in category "Papers" As previously mentioned, they were in two high-tech sectors: electronics and chemicals/pharmaceuticals. Regarding the electronics sector, Ireland was primarily building an electronics cluster to service the European market because the domestic market was not as important. This cluster was built on Irelandââ¬â¢s attractive MNE incentive reputation as well as by collaborating with its existing network of established MNEs. The initial hope was to attract some key electronics investments and then leverage further MNEs who essentially followed suit from the established key MNEs by also establishing bases in Ireland to keep up with competition. In the 1980s, the article explains, there were four key segments: microprocessors, software, computer products and printers. Namely, Ireland succeeded in attracting two key enterprises: Intel and Microsoft. Their initial hope had paid off soon because Hewlett-Packard followed suit, and then a bunch of other smaller electronics and software enterprises all of which wanted to utilize and link with the larger key enterprises. Regarding the chemical/pharmaceutical sector, Ireland followed much of the same leveraged approach, and got similar results even though this sector was much more footloose. However, there is little evidence of production links between the subsequent and key enterprises as there is in the electronics sector. There is also the subsector of medical devices (mainly in West Ireland) where significant grants can still be granted under EU law. The article explains that this is a much less concentrated sector and thus the average enterprise size is much smaller (unlike the electronics and chemicals/pharmaceuticals enterprises). Within this section of the paper, the author notes that there is a specific parallel with India. The article states that like Ireland, ââ¬Å"India had a switch from a protectionist (and dirigiste) regime to a more open one, this process beginning with the Indian software industry. â⬠Indiaââ¬â¢s most successful FDI is the software cluster in Bangalore. The software cluster in India has the support of universities and colleges as well as returning Indian immigrants to strengthen the pool of available skilled labor for these MNEs. As previously mentioned, the fourth and final section of this journal article is all about the implications for FDI policy in newly emerging economies. The article starts off by saying that there are similarities with developing and newly-emerging economies and Ireland in the late 1960s/early 1970s. The article suggests that Irelandââ¬â¢s strategy is particularly appealing to emerging economies that have no strategic power in trade. Ireland was exceptionally successful in attracting MNE investment in the past decade ââ¬Å"is at least in part due to its consistently positive stance towards MNEs over four decades. The article also says that a key reason why Ireland was so successful was because they see government as assisting rather than constraining them. More specifically, however, the paper lists the following implications that are extracted and gathered from the experiences of the success of the Ireland policy. First, it says ââ¬Å"host countries can never stop being pro-active. â⬠There needs to be some serious effort in attracting MNEs. Secondly, ââ¬Å"a package of incentives is superior to a single incentive. This i s based on MNE surveys, which illustrate the fact that they do not prefer single incentives. They prefer a package of incentves. Thirdly, ââ¬Å"host countries should adopt an enterprise-centered approach. â⬠This means that host countries need to makes sure that they understand the global strategies of MNEs, not only as it would relate locally and regionally. Fourthly, it contends, ââ¬Å"sectoral direction requires project selectivity. â⬠The article explains that many emerging countries are insufficiently selective in attempting to attract MNEs. Other implications include the fact that policy consistency matters to investors ââ¬â that there should not be any room for uncertainty as to an abrupt policy change; the fact that performance-based incentives are a good idea; as well as the fact that projects need to be monitored. That is, clear goals and reporting requirements need to established early on. Now that the summary of the paper has been established, I can now give my own commentary. To begin with, I feel that the paper was well written. It was definitely well organized and cited many references that added credibility to the authorââ¬â¢s points. I am in agreement that there are huge advantages to attracting foreign direct investment and MNEs. They are especially useful to emerging economies, because as the paper mentioned, I also agree that there are many resources that would otherwise be unavailable. There is the advantage of global marketing, the advantage of penetrating into external markets. There is also the advantage of the MNEs having access to international financing. However, I feel that there are also disadvantages and problems to FDI and enticing MNEs. If incentives are offered to these organizations, it often causes the local businesses and entrepreneurs to either struggle or fail because they are not able to compete. So in order to solve this problem, I feel that there needs to be many factors that are considered before diving into FDI and changing policies to entice MNEs. Among the considerations that I feel should be made is how under-developed the economy is, as well as a plan of how long these incentives should last. If a country is beyond the initial stages and there are solid businesses that are thriving and all that is needed is more growth, I think the country should be careful about introducing MNEs at least in those same sectors of those thriving businesses. That is, because if they are in the same sector, those very businesses that started the economy are likely to fail. Another consideration as I mentioned is how long these incentives should last if implemented. In essence, there should be a moderation of policy in which there attracts healthy investments but also that doesnââ¬â¢t hurt at home. I also feel that there are other problems with MNEs and FDI in general. For example, when the host country is in dire need of FDI to spur economic growth, they are essentially at the MNEââ¬â¢s mercy and there are often rules that are broken. For example if a country has environmental protection laws and the MNE breaks them, is the country prepared to enforce the laws, or succumb to the threat of a worsened economy if the MNEââ¬â¢s leave or are forced out? These issues need to be solved by considering them before any agreements are made. As the article says, proper planning is key to successful MNE recruitment. Other problems are that like in Ireland, the EU might pass laws disallowing certain incentives. These need to be researched to see whether deals can be grandfathered or not (before the passing of the law), otherwise this can prove detrimental to the whole FDI recruitment plan. At times the governments of the host country face issues with foreign direct investment. This is because it has less control over the functioning of the company, as it is functioning as the wholly owned subsidia ry of an overseas company. This has the potential to lead to serious issues. The MNE might not have to be completely submissive to the economic policies of the host country. It is not unheard of that there have been instances of adverse effects on the balance of payments of a country, for example. The solution to these issues is again proper planning and legal strategy. Attorneys well learned in international business law need to be familiar with all aspects of the law in both the host country as well as the MNEââ¬â¢s home country. Without proper planning, disasters can occur which would undermine the original intent of enticing MNEs and FDI in the first place. How to cite Foreign Direct Investment in Ireland, Papers
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