Explore Dickens presentation of education in Hard Times Essay

Explore Dickens’ presentation of education in Hard Times and comment on how this reflects a Dickensian vision of Utilitarianism Dickens’ presents The Victorian education system in ‘Hard Times’ in a fundamentally negative way, Dickens’ expresses the idea that having an imaginative aspect to our education is essential. He does this through satirising the education system and mocking the characters. Throughout the novel, it is a purpose of Dickens being satirical towards the education system. Dickens opens the novel with a satirical description of Thomas Gradgrind and his utilitarian educational methods as he teaches the room full of students â€Å"Facts alone are wanted in life† (9) Dickens satirises Gradgrind’s commitment to an education comprised only of facts as Gradgrind exaggerates that facts are the only essential thing in life. â€Å"Fancy† (14) symbolises imagination and wonder compared to facts. Dickens emphasise â€Å"Fact† more than he does with â€Å"Fancy† he does this by repeating â€Å"fact† itself, sounds more forceful. Gradgrind’s view on education is his children are to never imagine or wonder. Gradgrind rejects the concept of â€Å"fancy† or imagination; ‘fancy’ has nothing to contribute to understanding; only things that can be measured are important. Gradgrind’s disapproving rant on fancy â€Å"You don’t walk upon flowers in fact† (14) to the students underlines that fancy is bad and it should be â€Å"facts! † (14) In his satirical description of Gradgrind, Dickens’ aim is of what he experienced in the industrial England during his time when education varied vastly, according to location, gender, and class, meaning that Dickens view on Utilitarianism is shown in a satirical way, and his beliefs stood out throughout the novel, this indicates how the education system was controlled. Dickens uses characters’ names to continue his satire of the utilitarian education system prevalent in Victorian Britain. Mr Gradgrind breaks into the word â€Å"Grind† as a means to crush, signifying his method of grinding down the students’ individuality and any imagination they may have entered the school with. Mr M’Choakumchild, breaks into â€Å"me, choke, child† Dickens’ exaggerates with the name as we don’t think the new teacher is literally choking the children in his care, that this Fact-obsessed creature will only choke imagination and feelings out of them. â€Å"If he had only learnt a little less, how infinitely better be he might have taught much more! † (15) This highlights that the utilitarianism system would function much better, if it were not so strung on facts. If Mr. M’Choakumchild had learnt less and been practically involved with his students more and would have taught far better. This is criticizing the way the system works. Dickens is suggesting that in the utilitarianism system, suggesting that ramming facts into students might not be the most effective way of teaching them. Not everything can be reduced to facts alone. Mr Gradgrind and Mr Bounderby are the main representations of utilitarianism and followers of the system. In Louisa’s proposed marriage to Bounderby, Dickens shows us a disastrous consequence of Gradgrind’s system that denied everything but facts. â€Å"You have been accustomed to consider every other question, simply as one of tangible Fact† (97) This illustrates that Gradgrind, who is incapable of expressing his emotions effectively toward Louisa, edges her into a marriage with Bounderby by stating various facts and statistics to her. Louisa is hesitant to communicate her feelings towards him â€Å"she returned, without any visible emotion† (96) David Lodge’s ‘How Successful Was Hard Times? ’ (1981) argues that Gradgrind’s ideology in his system is questionable, Lodge explains that it is a â€Å"primary index of what is wrong with his system† Mr Bounderby is also a character with utilitarian beliefs, doubtlessly one of the major characters that has a firm belief in the system, â€Å"you may force him to swallow boiling fat, but you shall never suppress force him to suppress the facts of his life† (23) He signifies the very essence of his ruthless principles that only has room for facts and statistics. ‘Hard Times’ outlines that a utilitarian approach to life is unsuccessful and costs those who follow their imaginations become robotic and inadequate to the system. Imagination and heart is found in the circus where Mr Bounderby and Mr Gradgrind despise â€Å"No young people have circus masters†¦ or attend circus lectures about circuses† (23) Gradgrind implies that circuses are not like a practical schoolroom. Dickens represents Sissy Jupe as an influential character of the novel who presents the value of a warm heart and embodies feelings and emotions. She is seen as a complete failure of Gradgrind’s system. However Dickens and the reader judge her as a success. The young innocent girl mocked by the teacher and presented as the â€Å"dumb† girl in the start of the novel, gradually turns out to be the most key character in the whole novel. Since the foundational significance of fact and the removal of fancy that Gradgrind’s education obliges, Sissy Jupe will never succeed. Nevertheless, in spite of the education, Sissy becomes a young woman who is able to maintain her own principles and beliefs. The contrasting descriptions of Sissy and Bitzer are shown in their appearance. For example Sissy is described as radiant and warm â€Å"dark eyed and dark haired† (11) referring to her as someone who is the face of vitality. However Bitzer is portrayed as â€Å"what little colour he ever possessed† (11) and â€Å"His cold eyes would hardly have been eyes† (11)) Demonstrating that he is cold and emotionless with no heart and all calculation. Dickens uses Bitzer to demonstrate that other students are influenced by him, showing that he is a follower of Gradgrind’s system, whereas Sissy is the foreigner to the system. The Utilitarian education system relates to the industrial town ‘Coketown’ which consists of factories and â€Å"large streets †¦ like one another †¦ people equally like one another† (27) The town is linked to a â€Å"painted face of a savage† (27) that is described as barbaric and uncultured, the children are being deprived from the â€Å"ill-smelling dye† (27) Dickens suggests the society that the children/workers are living in is unsanitary â€Å"Jail† (28) indicating that they have no escape from their problems. The utilitarian system stamps out all imagination in the pupils and prepares them perfectly for the life of drudgery. Dickens describes as their lot as ‘hands’ in Coketown’s factories. Education presented in ‘Hard Times’ is shown as satirical in Dickensian vision of Utilitarianism. This is because Dickens is able to create a fool out of the system cunningly. Furthermore it is certain that what Dickens has presented is humorous and convincing with making the utilitarian ideology seem absurd through the novel. I find David Lodge’s argument towards Dickens opinion as liberal and potent.

Achievements of Raja Ram Mohan Roy Essay

Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered as the pioneer of modern Indian Renaissance for the remarkable reforms he brought in the 18th century India. Among his efforts, the abolition of the sati-prRaja Ram Mohan Roy is considered as the pioneer of modern Indian Renaissance for the remarkable reforms he brought in the 18th century India. Among his efforts, the abolition of the sati-pratha-a practice in which the widow was compelled to sacrifice herself on the funeral pyre of her husband-was the prominent. His efforts were also instrumental in eradicating the purdah system and child marriage. In 1828, Ram Mohan Roy formed the Brahmo Samaj, a group of people, who had no faith in idol-worship and were against the caste restrictions. The title ‘Raja’ was awarded to him by Mughal emperor Akbar, the second in 1831 when Roy visited England as an ambassador of the King to ensure that Bentick’s regulation of banning the practice of Sati was not overturned. atha-a practice in which the widow was compelled to sacrifice herself on the funeral pyre of her husband-was the prominent. His efforts were also instrumental in eradicating the purdah system and child marriage. In 1828, Ram Mohan Roy formed the Brahmo Samaj, a group of people, who had no faith in idol-worship and were against the caste restrictions. The title ‘Raja’ was awarded to him by Mughal emperor Akbar, the second in 1831 when Roy visited England as an ambassador of the King to ensure that Bentick’s regulation of banning the practice of Sati was not overturned.

Linux Server Deployment Fedora Core 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Linux Server Deployment Fedora Core 5 - Essay Example Edith & Associates is strictly an 8:00am to 6:00pm operation at which point in time the premises are secured and all staff are made to vacate the premises. There is no access to the internal network after hours by any organizational staff.. The server will be backed up from 2-4 am each morning. DNS services are forwarded from the ISP's DNS Server, which has an IP of 172.16.1.1. According to the Linux experts the Fedora Core is an RPM-based Linux distribution, prepared by the community-supported Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat. Moreover the name derives from Red Hat's feature fedora used in its "Shadowman" logo. Though, the Fedora community project had subsist as a volunteer group providing further software for the Red Hat Linux distribution before Red Hat got concerned as a straight sponsor (Rohde, 2003). The basic intention of this research will be to deploy and evaluate the cost, market share, and hardware requirements of the operating systems Red Hat Linux and its deployment on server. To begin this study it will momentarily describe the Red Hat Linux computer platform solution for a small business setting. Technology administrators may note that the best computing solution for a business may be a mix of platforms and products. Several reasons comprise client preferences or capabilities, obtainable software and hardware, accounting requirements, or human resources. Owner, management, or employee guidance, practice, and preferences will also play a fraction. Linux is the kernel of a free operating system. When Linux is mutual by thousands of gratis software packages it then becomes a Linux distribution. Linux has an benefit in that its suppleness and interoperability permit the migration process. Linux also has the ability to imitate or provide a lot of Windows services obviously i n a mixed environment over a network. This research will use Linux products from Red Hat, Inc. as the instance Linux distribution and software (http://www.infoworld.com/article/03/10/08/HNmsdominance_1.html). Chapter # 1 Network Security ii. Secure Server According to the technology experts Fedora Core 5 is freely available and may be downloaded from an FTP mirror or during the bittorrent peer-to-peer network. Furthermore, Security and bug-fix updates for Fedora are also liberally accessible and easy to fetch using Fedora's yum package manager. What's further, since Fedora is so intimately related to the extensively used Red Hat Enterprise Linux (and is rather quite popular in its own right), companies that deploy Fedora Core 5 shouldn't have

Independence of auditing in all engagement activities Essay

Independence of auditing in all engagement activities - Essay Example The factors that influence an auditor to present an unwarranted unqualified opinion includes threats or intimidations as well as the external auditor's self -interest. The auditor's sole responsibility is to issue an opinion on the fairness of the financial statement assertions. Without exception, all external auditors should not allow their independence to be affected by his or her own interests. International Auditing Standards requires that all external auditors should only continue on an audit engagement if they feel that their self interests affects their independence. Independence mean not only independence in fact but also go hand in hand with independence through appearance. The auditing Standards on independence rule requires that the external auditor must not have any material self interest in the clients. An auditor has self interest if the auditor, the auditor's spouse and children are owners of shares of stocks in the audit client's business. The Companies Act of 1948 is the legal framework for external auditors to follow in terms of independence (Power 1997, 17). Clearly, many auditors will not allow their independence to be affected by self -interests . In addition, all external auditors must not allow their independence to be influenced by self - review. The auditor is must consider if self -review will affect his independence in the performance of his or her audit programs. An auditor who is a relative of the audit client is definitely not independent. An auditor that has a loan arrangement with the audit client that is material in nature is not independent of the audit client. Clearly, it is mandatory that all external auditors will not allow their independence to be affected by self - review. Further, all external auditors must not permit their independence to be influenced by advocacy. The auditor's membership in an organization that he is auditing is definitely not being independent in terms of auditing a client. The Code of Ethics for external auditors requires that the external auditor must not be a current membership in an organization if he or she intends to audit such organisation. Any sign that creates a climate of doubt as the external auditors not complying with the auditing standard of being independent both in fact and in appearance should cause the external auditor to give up the client immediately. Definitely, all external auditors should not allow their independence to be affected by advocacy.Furthermore, all external auditors must not permit their independence to be affected by familiarity. It is normal that many external auditors use lesser time to finish their audit assignments for many of their former audit clients. The repeat auditors will just focus t heir repeat audit on items that are interent risks like cash and small inventories. Also, a repeat auditor knows that company has a strong or weak internal control. Thus, internal control verification time is lessened. One advantage for repeat auditors is that these external auditors already know a lot of the company's basic financial ins and outs in terms of presentation of the balance sheet, income statement and statement of cash flows. However, the auditor must still scan and do test audits on low value and less audit risk accounts like buildings and factory machines. The external auditor must complete each repeat audit engagement with a prior client as if, it was a new audit. The only difference with the repeat

Teen suicide research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Teen suicide - Research Paper Example These changes are known as clinical depression. The symptoms that lead to depression show lack of sleep, outburst, overwhelming sadness, changes in physical activities and suicidal thinking etc. Moreover, sadness is considered as a normal reaction when an individual is disappointed in life. Likewise, it may become an alarming situation if sadness converts into hopelessness, helplessness and worthlessness that may lead in clinical consultation. However, depression is a more severe situation, especially once it starts to interfere in day-to-day life and ability to work, study, eat and sleep. b) Feeling of Worthlessness and Guilty Unfortunately, when a person is in depression he feels worthless, flawed, and inadequate. In fact, it worsens the condition. A survey held by Dr. Aaron Beck revealed that 80% of the people who are suffering from depression showed hatred and dislike towards themselves ("Feeling Worthless and Depression). Moreover, a depressed person feels defeated in all the as pects of life, for example, in attractiveness, health, intelligence, work etc. all these negative thoughts for this reason lead to lower one’s self esteem. ... Furthermore, an irritable person every now and then complains unexplained aches and pains in body for instance headaches, stomachaches and pain in body as a result if medical examination is carried out no medical causes will be revealed. Hence, it indicates that a person is more likely on the road to depression. Above all, depressed teens are extremely sensitive to criticism, negative response and disappointment. On the other hand, they depart with their friends gathering and tend to isolate. For instance, teens that are fatally disheartened habitually make ‘attention-getting’ attempts deceitful on suicide. An escalating number of youths endeavor and are successful at committing suicide and for this reason; suicidal thoughts or behaviors should always be taken seriously ("Understanding Depression: Signs, Symptoms, Causes, and Help "). 2) Effects on Teen Depression There are significant effects of depression some of them are so serious that medical treatment may become ne cessary. Running away indicates a loud cry for aid in depression by a teenager. Another frequent effect due to depression is substance abuses in youths for example drugs and alcohol. Self-mutilation with an intention to injure oneself for instance, pulling of hair, cutting veins, self-burning etc. are definite signs of depression. Furthermore, the person shows irresponsible and reckless behavior thus, performing unsafe sex, reckless driving, careless attitude, self-hatred and suicidal thoughts. a) Drug and Alcohol Abuse When a person suffers from drug abuse as well as struggling with mental health problems, it is very difficult to escape this addiction; this is known as dual diagnose. Alcoholism in adolescence is a common indication of depression. Drug and

Astronomy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Astronomy - Assignment Example Besides, Earth does not comprise uniform layers. Instead, the layers are made up of tectonic plates that can move with respect to each other. When too much heat accumulates in the interior of Earth, it struggles to find its way out, and this has been happening ever since the creation of Earth. The molten lava once emerged on the surface of Earth cools down gradually, thereby getting transformed into huge rocks and mountains. It is this tendency of the Earth’s internal heat to come out that causes the geological activity of the Earth. In addition to that, the relatively large size of the Earth among other terrestrial planets enables it to store a lot of energy / heat in its core which largely comprises iron and the temperature there can be even higher than that of the Sun. The resulting heat ultimately finds its way out through the movement of the tectonic plates thereby resulting in the Earth’s geological

A one page response paper about Heroic Africans. Include what you Assignment

A one page response paper about Heroic Africans. Include what you think about the article - Assignment Example The history of many African heroes was captured in a sculpture further explained by a narrative. However, unlike Western history, the historical changes in portraits and sculptures are not well developed and thus go unrecorded.5 Preservation of bodies is another way of remembering heroes in Africa. A good example is mummification of bodies practiced in Egypt. The bodies were placed in tombs and could be accessed. Today, in some countries, bodies of heroes are well preserved and can still be viewed by the people of the country. Benin is one of the countries that have a good historical conservation of leaders in Africa. They alleged that the center of all thought and wellbeing was the head; this was adopted by the Oranmiyan dynasty. In their sculptures, therefore, the head was made of brass to idolize it.6 Masks resembling some heroes are also made and worn in historic ceremonies in Nigeria.7 Preservation of culture in Africa is crucial; it enables Africans to know the people who developed their countries in the early days before colonization and the heroes who fought for freedom. It is essential to converse such written information, oral narratives and sculptors for the future generations’

Marketing, Management Project ( Introduction) Essay

Marketing, Management Project ( Introduction) - Essay Example The presence of other car manufacturers such as Toyota and Tata Motors has made the Asian vehicle market difficult to reach (Lewis, 2011). However, the use of social media in creating product awareness gives Mercedes Benz more opportunities to get in Asian countries, especially in China (Huang, 2014). The importance of global social media channels such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube among other national or regional social networks has attracted more attention from product promoters and marketers (Harris, 2014). For a long time, Mercedes Benz has relied on social media channels to reach areas with high presence of technology. Mercedes has significantly used the Chinese leading social media networks; Qzone, Tencent Weibo and Sina Weibo in efforts to reach its target market. This means that the interaction and discussion of its brand and products is very high in social networks (Lewis, 2012). The use of social media channels in product awareness and interaction with both customers has increased in the last two years. Company marketers and public relation officers have set out to understand the real benefits from the use of social media by organization in communicating with their customers. While social media channels may not be as effective as television, newspapers or print media, Sandoval (2014, p. 46) notes that the personal relationship created by these channels improves the confidence of the customers. Mercedes Benz and other firms using social media have widely used the channels to connect with their customers concerning the quality of products and solution to any problems raised by customers (Barker et al, 2012). According to Lewis (2012), most potential customers spend more time online seeking clarification and information on products or services they are interested in. Customers use this important brand information in making their buying decisions (Lardi and Fuchs, 2013). Therefore, the type of information

Critical Analysis of a short story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Analysis of a short story - Essay Example According to MacLean, like the spaceship, â€Å"Explorer†, patriarchy appears to be a psychological intrusion in postmodern society (Davin 23-7). Obviously at the heart of this desire lies the prerequisite of being beautiful in body according to some stereotypes predetermined by the male dominated society. McLean asserts that women themselves are psychologically encoded to think of themselves i.e. their self-esteem, identity, body, existence in the society, in a male way. In essence, McLean’s portrayal of gender echoes Judith Butler’s concept of â€Å"Gender Performativity†. For her, gender identity is not something biological or natural. Rather it involves the development of a woman’s identity through the society-defined codes of sex-oriented performance. Again she acknowledges that human â€Å"body† or â€Å"sex† is not a â€Å"mute facticity† that exclusively depends on the organic features of a man. Rather Butler assumes that the gender identity and the differentiation between sexes are made through repeated socio-cultural discourses and actions. According to her, these discourses and actions persistently stylize the body in a certain gender cast, as in the first chapter of â€Å"Gender Trouble† Butler says, â€Å"Gender is the repeated stylization of the body, a set of repeated acts within a highly rigid regulatory frame that congeal over time to produce the appearance of substance, of a n atural sort of being† (43). In the fantasy world of science fiction, MacLean masterfully manipulates an unusual phenomenon of contagion to delve deep into human psychology. Yet her story reveals much of the heart of patriarchy. Though MacLean does not hold patriarchy responsible directly, the female characters of her story are nourished psychologically by patriarchy. Most of the female characters are accustomed to think in a male way (Davin 19-20). While patriarchy considers female body as an object of male desire, the women in the

Supervision management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Supervision management - Essay Example aper discusses some of the most important aspects of good leaders and also management strategies for making teams work effectively and successfully to help them achieve their goals. Strategies are important as it will not only help the organization achieve their objectives but also make the new comer in a team feel comfortable and more productive. Edith Penrose (1959) was one of the earliest academics to argue that â€Å"what happened inside the firm was just as important as the marketplace outside the firm†. In fact till this concept came out the main focus of economics had been upon the marketplace outside the firm, with a detailed consideration of market demand and supply issues. Penrose argued that the growth of the firm was related to its use of resources, its past history and its evolution over time. He emphasised that the previous history was a key influence on future development. There are several issues that need to be kept in mind while the strategies are formulated. It is essential that different individuals have different potentials and these strategies need to help them bring out their full potential to accomplish the goals of the organizati on. Supervisors and managers who have the responsibility to lead a group face the challenge of being part of a group while simultaneously leading it. It is very difficult to do well and demands for a mix of skill, hard work, plan, and discretion (Rockall and Gertsch, 2001). The main responsibility is the management of the team: ensuring safety, while providing an experience for the members. Their focus is to work to make the team run easily and work together to ensure the project aims are met. A good leader recognizes that they cannot do everything and they have to involve their team. Many of the leader’s responsibilities can be delegated to members of the team. When managing the team, leaders must continuously assess team members’ needs, potential, and abilities and must consider those factors when allocating

Reasons for the failure of Germany in World War II Essay Example for Free

Reasons for the failure of Germany in World War II Essay Backing to the year 1933, National Socialist Adolf Hitler became the leader of Germany and began a massive rearming campaign. This worried France and the United Kingdom, who had lost much in the previous war, as well as Italy, which saw its territorial ambitions threatened by those of Germany. Hitler was convinced that fate had chosen him to rescue a humiliated nation from the shackles of the Versailles Treaty, from Bolsheviks and Jews. Thus he wanted to wage war in order to recover Germany. Eventually, in 1939 with the German invasion of Poland, the World War II’s European battleground began. On September 1st 1939, German armies invaded Poland and henceforth Hitler’s main energies were devoted to the conduct of a war he had unleashed to dominate Europe and secure Germanys living space. The first phase of World War II was dominated by German Blitzkrieg tactics: sudden shock attacks against airfields, communications, military installations, using fast mobile armor and infantry to follow up on the first wave of bomber and fighter aircraft. Poland was overrun in less than one month, Denmark and Norway in two months, Holland, Belgium, Luxemburg and France in six weeks. After the fall of France in June 1940 only Great Britain stood firm. Just as what he had prophesied at the end of January 1939, that if the international financial Jewry within and outside Europe should succeed once more in dragging the nations into a war, the result will be, not the Bolshevization of the world and thereby the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe.(Evans, R. J., 2005 ). For many points to the reparation payments that Germans had to pay after the first world war as the cause of this downturn. Both through envy and despise, he and many other Germans began to scapegoat the Jews as the cause of all their suffering. Jews were slaughtered during the World War II by German armies. Exactly as the film Schindlers List (1993) directed by Steven Spielberg showed that the figure for the number of Jews who were killed in t he Holocaust is about 5.7 million to 6.0 million. However, it was still the same country which was always be regarded as the strong during the whole process of World War II, Germany was one of the vanquished countries of WWII. It was concluded from the army strength and the historical evidence of the condition of the WWII that although Germany was powerful during the World War II, Germany was defeated by its vanity, without people’s support and Hitler’s dictatorship. According to Lowe, K (2012), by Ian Locke’s examining the British attainment of German industry. Although German economic was better than any other European countries at that time, German was still not enough powerful to wage the war. The advanced science and technology might help Germany equip its army well. Which leads to most of the German tanks and other weapons were way ahead of anything their opponents had to offer. Their tanks were faster, better armored and had a longer range than anything the allies had available. However, after America joined the war and supplied the British and Russians with armaments, the flood gates were opened and the battlefields were swamped by technically inferior but numerically superior weapons. Once overview the domestic ground condition of Germany in 1945. It was obviously that Germany made too many enemies. Germany during World War II, focusing particularly on the evidence gathered from archival sources at the Russian Federations Foreign Ministry Historical Documents Department. On April 27, 1945, the Soviet 70th Army of the 2nd Byelorussian Front under the management of Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky held the town of Prenzlau as part of the Soviet process to take Berlin, Germany. The reason to this tragic historical event is that Germany had not been fully focused on the defense for the camp. Meanwhile, Germany was also fighting against Great Britain. (Zaleeva, A. A., 2010) During the World War II, it was the period that airpower was the element of crucial importance. Losing airpower usually means losing the victory. Based on the record of the history by Harvey, A. D(2012). German Luftwaffe battled against the British Royal Air Force during the Air Battle of Britain in 1940. The Luftwaffe failed to properly identify their numerical advantages over the RAF within their missions. Including Nazi military leader Hermann GÃ ¶ring, German Messerschmitt Bf109 military fighter planes, and U.S. Army Air Force Lieutenant James Doolittle. After the losses of the Air Battle of Britain, the Luftwaffe never fully recovered. By 1944, they had lost control of the skies over most of Europe and were subject to 24hour bombing. It was because lack of airpower meant lack of photo reconnaissance, so the German high commands were making decisions without proper intelligence. Since losing the resource gates in the previous battle and having blind confidence about the airpower itself. The air warfare strategies used for bomber and fighter aircraft during both events. It was because German looked down upon the Royal Air Force, leading to the lack of airpower so that lacking of photo reconnaissance. Eventually it resulted in German failure of WWII. Moving to the reason why Nazi government could not gain people’s support. From the career of Albert Speer, principal architect of the Nazi regime, who played the role in the atrocities committed by Germany in World War II. Among his major responsibilities was the procurement of manpower to keep the Nazi factories in operation which played an important role in the organization of the Nazi forced-labor programs. Since labors were forced to work, they were not willi ng to do it, so German domestic residents were not support the war. They were working without their own willingness. In this case, not even to mention to gain any support from allies. Only the country who had the same objective by waging the war made friendship with Germany, most of other countries were standing against Germany, it also indicate that only through following peoples heart, can they lead a strong army. And Germany made too many enemies all over the world was another reason for its failure. (Forsgren, R. 2012) Last but seems to be the most general one is the system of organization. Looking back to Adolf Hitler’s biography, Strategy used by him to strengthen the violence on the roads; Purpose of the government for not legally banning communists; Connection between social democrats and communists; Reason behind the firing of judges, state prosecutors and judicial officials in Germany. Diplomatically, his style of leadership involved him personally taking all the major decisions, with little delegation. Under the circumstances, his dictatorship dominated Germany. Leading to a dictatorial government in which one person has absolute power, often backed by the military, over the entire country and its people. What is more, he removed certain rights from people, most of the time trespassed certain human rights.(Zaleeva, A. A. 2010) The mental state of general Germans at that time was blind and lack of personal thinking. The way they followed was the responsibility which was given by their nation, no matter it was right or not. Under this situation, the wrong war was waged. It could be concluded from the personal diary of August TÃ ¶pperwien, a German Protestant, who was not a Nazi and however maintained a loyal nationalism to the end. In so doing, it probes the troubled morality of someone whose conflicting senses of personal duty and political obligation found their vent in pages of silent self-reflection, and so reveal with an unusual simplicity of the underlying frames of moral refe rence, which so often remain implicit and argued in the short-hand and rational of other diaries and family letters, let alone macro-level surveys of widely held attitude. From his personal feeling, the responsibility that led to Germanys failure is that Germans soldiers wrongly regarded the support for the Nazi regime and for the war were the same thing then overrated their power to against the rest of the world. (Stargardt, N. 2010). World War II is the largest war in humans history, which causes the most losses, either the number of casualties or economic losses, and brings human being disasters. It lasted for 6 years, more than 60 countries or regions took part in the war. The immediate cause of the outbreak of World War II is fascist regime, the rapid rise. Fascist rulers head of Germany, Italy, Japan in order to achieve the re-divide the world and expand their areas attempted to cause the War. With Germany was defeated in North Africa and Stalingrad. In 1943, with a series of German defeats in Eastern Europe, the Allied invasion of Fascist Italy, and American victories in the Pacific, the Axis lost the initiative and undertook strategic retreat o n all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. In April 1945, the Soviet Union occupied Berlin as Hitler committed suicide. Germany surrendered unconditionally on May 7th, 1945. The war in Europe ended. Later 1945, World War II was completely ended with Japan’s unconditional surrender. Fortunately, this costed more than six years’ war eventually ended with the victory of the world anti-fascist alliance. Looking back to the history, by summing up the reasons why the result was occurred, it is reasonable that Germany would fail in this war obviously. Under Hitler’s dictatorial domination and the excitation with their early victory, Germany became more and more arrogant. Regarding they could achieve whatever they wanted to come true. Dreaming to dominate the other nations all over the world even without their domestic support. History was correct, it chose the victory deserved to win. Peaceful Americans, grieved British, tough and tensile Soviet and Chinese made great contribution to international public. No matter how it was negative at the beginning of the war, they never gave up. By taking up the vital point of Germany, international public finally made the gorgeous reversal come true. How foolish that German looked down upon such opponents! Although Germany was powerful during the World War II, Germany was defeated by its vanity, without people’s support and Hitler’s dictatorship eventually. References 1. Evans, R. J. (2005). Hitlers Dictatorship. (Cover story). History Review, (51), 20-25. 2. Forsgren, R. (2012). The Architecture of Evil. New Atlantis: A Journal Of Technology Society, 3644-62. 3. Harvey, A. D. (2012). The Battle of Britain, in 1940 and Big Week, in 1944: A Comparative Perspective. Air Power History, 59(1), 34-45. 4. Lowe, K. (2012). From the Archive. History Today, 62(2), 72. 5. Steven, S. (1993). Schindlers List 6. Stargardt, N. (2010). The Troubled Patriot: German Innerlichkeit in World War II*. German History, 28(3), 326-342. 7. Zaleeva, A. A. (2010). Freeing Belgian Generals from the Prenzlau Nazi POW Camp. International Affairs: A Russian Journal Of World Politics, Diplomacy International Relations, 56(4), 242-246.

A History of Pakistan Essay Example for Free

A History of Pakistan Essay â€Å"Believe it or not, India and Pakistan were once a solid and unified country: the citizens of the Indian border states of Rajasthan and Punjab were almost looking similar to the citizens of Pakistan† (Paul, 2005). â€Å"So when India became free from the British colonizers in 1947, conflicts between the India and Pakistan started to become intense. Since then, India and Pakistan have continuously been angry and uninterested towards each other—in fact, they have already participated in three major wars—and even during periods of peace, the two country’s relationship had always been on the line† (Jaffrelot, 2005). â€Å"Inspired by their conflicts regarding territories† over the region of Kashmir, anger and hatred developed between the two countries over the years. For Pakistanis, the Kashmir dispute has become a symbol of broken pledges and Indian duplicity, and they are constantly attempting to raise the issue whenever possible, thus drawing strong reactions from India; on the other hand, India considers Kashmir as a vital part of the country, and attempts of the Pakistanis are viewed as an act to smear India’s image (Conboy, 1992). Read more:  Current Political Situation of Pakistan Up to this day, Kashmir remains the worlds largest and most highly militarized territorial dispute. Worse, as the years passed by, many issues have coupled the long-lived dispute over Kashmir, such as: the linked issues of the Siachen Glacier, the Wular Lake Barrage, and the current Kashmiri struggle; communalism and the plight of the minorities; nuclear developments; periodic domestic troubles; the Afghanistan crisis; and the involvement of outside powers (King, 1998). The Benefits of Pakistan Partition â€Å"Economic programs in Pakistan after the period of its partition emphasized on core planning. The Pakistani government established objectives for controlling private industries. The partition was established in order to improve domestic businesses and reduce dependence on foreign trade. These efforts led to the stability of its economic development in the 1950s† (Jones, 2003). However, excellent results stopped coming in the two straight decades. By the early 1970s Pakistan had succeeded in conquering its goal of stability in terms of food availability, â€Å"although this food was not really available to all Pakistanis because of the flawed distribution and shortcomings in the harvest†. In the late 1970s the Pakistani government began to decrease its power over the economy, which led to slowed development toward this goal. By 1991, however, the Pakistani government still controlled or managed many industries, including mining and financing, manufacturing and construction. Economic development enhanced during this time, at least gradually as a result of economic programs supported by foreign loans (Jones, 2003). A financial crisis after the partition stimulated Pakistan to institute major economic reforms. Because the partition resulted into an incredible surge in oil prices, Pakistan was haunted by a barrage of payments problem. To gather loans from well-regarded funding organizations, Pakistan made up its mind to implement programs in order to free its economy. These economic programs eliminated many strict government policies on investment, and established tariff systems that maintained trading at a manageable level. â€Å"Also, reform deregulated many industries and privatized many public enterprises. These reforms continued through the mid-1990s, although at a slower rate because of political changes in India’s government. In 1993 Pakistan permitted Pakistan-owned private banks to be established along with a minority of foreign banks† (Holliday, 2000). â€Å"With the reforms, Pakistan incredibly made a smooth transition from a closed and very restrictive economy to one that is open and free to the world. By 1996 to 1997, foreign investment had grown to nearly $6 billion, up from $165 million in 1990 to 1991. Exports and imports also improved significantly at the same time. Economic growth since the 1980s has brought with it an expansion of the middle class, which was estimated to form 20 to 25 percent of Pakistan’s population in the mid-1990s. As a result, the demand for consumer goods has expanded rapidly† (Mittmann, 1991). In Pakistan, the upsurge of innovative activity seems to have had more to do with the advent of partition than with the Silicon Valley phenomenon. The partition has dramatically changed the market and supply conditions, from being shortage and seller driven to being buyer and competition driven. To survive and grow, firms have to focus on improving their competitiveness. They are realizing that the real source of industrial competition today lies in innovation and the rapid technological change taking place throughout the world. Technology is now a key determinant of strategic change in Pakistani firms. Industrial development based on indigenous technology development is still an elusive dream, but the process of technology acquisition and assimilation is now very much a strategic process, aligned with firms need to build competencies (Kudaisya, 2001). The partition has stimulated the rapid growth of innovation-driven industries such as information technology (IT), communications technology, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. This has led to a new type of business enterprise known as the knowledge enterprise and a new sector of the economy known as the knowledge economy. This sector is now a significant component of the national economy and accounts for a large portion of economic growth. The partition created renewed interest in innovative entrepreneurship as a key driver for the rapid diffusion of innovation in business and industry. Entrepreneurship occupies centre stage in the wealth creation process in the knowledge economy (Cohen, 2004). References: Cohen, S, 2004. The Idea of Pakistan. Brookings Institution Press. Conboy, K, 1992. Elite Forces of India and Pakistan. Osprey Publishing Holliday, T, 2000. Insight Guide Pakistan. Insight Guides; 3rd edition Jaffrelot, C, 2005. A History of Pakistan and Its Origins. Anthem Press; New edition Jones, O, 2003. Pakistan: Eye of the Storm. Yale University Press; 2nd edition King, J, 1998. Lonely Planet Pakistan. Lonely Planet Publications; 5th edition Kudaisya, G, 2001. The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia. Routledge; 1st edition Mittmann, K, 1991. Culture Shock! : Pakistan. Graphic Arts Center Publishing Company Paul, T, 2005. The India-Pakistan Conflict: An Enduring Rivalry. Cambridge University Pres

The Concept Of Medicalization: Shifting Ideas

The Concept Of Medicalization: Shifting Ideas Medicalization is term for the erroneous tendency by society-often perpetuated by health professionals to view effects of socioeconomic disadvantage as purely medical issues. It is the process by which human conditions and problems come to be defined and treated as medical conditions and problems, and thus come under the authority of doctors and other health professionals to study, diagnose, prevent or treat. The process of medicalization can be driven by new evidence or theories about conditions, or by developments in social attitudes or economic considerations, or by the development of new purported treatments. Medicalization is often claimed to bring benefits, but also costs, which may not always be clear. Medicalization is studied in terms of the role and power of professions, patients and corporations, and also for its implications for ordinary people whose self-identity and life-decisions may depend on the prevailing concepts of health and illness. Once a condition is classed a s medical, a medical tends to be used rather than a social model. Medicalization may also be termed pathologization (from pathology), or in some cases disease mongering. The term medicalization entered academic and medical publications in the 1970s, for example in the works of figures such as Peter Conrad and Thomas Szasz. They argued that the expansion of medical authority into domains of everyday existence was promoted by doctors and was a force of social control that was to be rejected in the name of liberation. This critique was embodied in now-classic works such as Conrads The discovery of hyperkinesis: notes on medicalization of deviance, published in 1973 (hyperkinesis was the term then used to describe what we might now call ADHD). Medicalization explains a situation which had been previously explained in a moral, religious or social terms now become defined as the subject of medical and scientific knowledge. Many years ago for example some children were deemed and regarded as problematic, misbehaving and unruly. Some adults were shy and men who were balding just wore hats to hide it. And that was that. Nevertheless, nowadays all these descriptions could and possibly would be attributed to a type of illness or disease and be given a diagnosis or medicine to treat it in some cases. Medicalization explains this. Likewise, medicalization has been applied to a whole variety of problems that have come to be defined as medial, ranging from childbirth and the menopause through to alcoholism and homosexuality (Gabe et al. 2006: 59). Furthermore, the term explains the process in where particular characteristics of every day life become medically explained, thus come under the authority of doctors and other health professionals to study, diagnose, prevent and or treat the problem. Originally, the concept of medicalisation was strongly associated with medical dominance, involving the extension of medicines jurisdiction over erstwhile normal life events and experiences. More recently, however, this view of a docile lay populace, in thrall to expansionist medicine, has been challenged. Thus, as we enter a post-modern era, with increased concerns over risk and a decline in the trust of expert authority, many sociologists argue that the modern day consumer of healthcare plays an active role in bringing about or resisting medicalisation. Such participation, however, can be problematic as healthcare consumers become increasingly aware of the risks and uncertainty surrounding many medical choices. The emergence of the modern day consumer not only raises questions about the notion of medicalisation as a uni-dimensional concept, but also requires consideration of the specific social contexts in which medicalisation occurs. In this paper, we describe how the concept of m edicalisation is presented in the literature, outlining different accounts of agency that shape the process. We suggest that some earlier accounts of medicalisation over-emphasized the medical professions imperialistic tendencies and often underplayed the benefits of medicine. With consideration of the social context in which medicalisation, or its converse, arises, we argue that medicalisation is a much more complex, ambiguous, and contested process than the medicalisation thesis of the 1970s implied. In particular, as we enter a post-modern era, conceptualizing medicalisation as a uni-dimensional, uniform process or as the result of medical dominance alone is clearly insufficient. Indeed, if, as Conrad and Schneider (1992) suggested, medicalisation was linked to the rise of rationalism and science (ie to modernity), and if we are experiencing the passing of modernity, we might expect to see a decrease in medicalisation. The idea of medicalization is perhaps related only indirectly to social constructionanism, in that it does not question the basis of medical knowledge as such, but challenges its application. Nettleton continues and states that is draws attention to the fact that medicine operates as a powerful institution of social control (Nettleton 2006: 25). It does this by claiming expertise in areas in life which previously were not regarded as medical problems or matters. This includes such life stages such as ageing, childbirth, alcohol consumption and childhood behaviour moreover, the availability of new pharmacological treatments and genetic testing intensifies these processesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ thus it constructs, or redefines, aspects of normal life as medical problems. (Conrad and Schneider 1990 as cited in Nettleton 2006: 25). Medicalization can occur on three different and particular levels according to Conrad and Schneider (1980). The first was explained as conceptually when a medical vocabulary is used to define a problem. In some instances, doctors do not have to be involved and an example if this is AA. The second was the institutional level, institutionally, when organizations adopt a medical approach to treating a problem in which they specialise and the third was at the level of doctor patient interaction when a problem is defined as a medical and medical treatment occurs (as cited in Gabe et al 2004:59). These examples all involve doctors and their treatments directly, not including alcoholism which has other figures to help people such as the AA. The third level was the interactional level and this was where the problem, social problem, becomes defined as medical and medicalization occurs as part of a doctor-patient interaction. Medicalization shows the shifting ideas about health and illness. Health and illness does not only include such things as influenza or the cold, but deviant behaviours. Deviant behaviours which were once merely described as criminal, immoral or naughty before have now been labelled with medical meanings. Conrad and Schneider five-staged sequential process of medicalizing deviant behaviour. Stage one involves the behaviour itself as being deviant. Chronic drunkenness was regarded merely as highly undesirable, before it was medically labelled as chronic drunkenness. The second stage occurs when the medical conception of a deviant behaviour is announced in a professional medical journey according to Conrad and Schneider. A prominent thinker in the idea of medicalization was Ivan Illich, who studied it profusely and was very influential, in fact being one of the earliest philosophers to use the term medicalization. Illichs appraisal of professional medicine and particularly his use of the term medicalization lead him to become very influential within the discipline and is quoted to have said that Modern medicine is a negation of health. It isnt organized to serve human health, but only itself, as an institution. It makes more people sick than it heals. Illich attributed medicalization to the increasing professionalization and bureaucratization of medical institutions associated with industrialization (Gabe et al 2004: 61). He supposed that due to the development of modern medicine, it created a reliance on medicine and doctors thus taking away peoples ability to look after themselves and engage in self care. In his book Limits to medicine: Medical nemesis (1975) Illich disputed that the medical profession in point of fact harms people in a process known as iatrogenesis. This can be elucidated as when there is an increase in illness and social problems as a direct result of medical intervention. Illich saw this occurring on three levels. The first was the clinical iatrogenesis. These involved serious side-effects which were are often worse than the original condition. The negative effects of the clinical intervention outweighed the positive and it also conveyed the dangers of modern medicine. There were negative side effects of medicine and drugs, which included poisoning people. In addition, infections which could be caught in the hospital such as MRSA and errors caused my medical negligence. The second level was the social iatrogenesis whereby the general public is made submissive and reliant on the medical profession to help them cope with their life in society. Furthermore all suffering is hospitalised and medicine undermines health indirectly because of its impact on social organisation of society. In the process people cease to give birth, for example, be sick or die at home And the third level is cultural iatrogenesis, which can also be referred to as the structural. This is where life processes such as aging and dying become medicalized which in the process creates a society which is not able to deal with natural life process thus becoming a culture of dependence. Moreover, people are dispossessed of their ability to cope with pain or bereavement for example as people rely on medicine and professionals. (Illick 1975) Sociologists such as Ehrenreich and English had argued that womens bodies were being medicalized. Menstruation and pregnancy had come to be seen as medical problems requiring interventions such as hysterectomies. Nettleton furthered this notion and discussed this in relation to childbirth. The Medicalization of childbirth is as a result of professional dominance. She stated that the control of pregnancy and childbirth has been taken over by a predominantly male medical profession. Medicine can thus be regarded as patriarchal and exercising an undue social control over womens lives. From conception to the birth of the baby, the women are closely monitored thus medical monitoring and intervention in pregnancy childbirth are now routine processes. Childbirth is classified as a medical problem therefore it becomes conceptualized in terms of clinical safety, and women are encouraged to have their babies in hospitals. This consequently results in women being dependent on medical care. Nevertheless recent studies and evidence have shown that it may actually be safer to have babies at home because there would have been less susceptible to infection and technocological interference (Oakley 1884, as cited in Nettleton 2006: 26) Medicalization combines phenomenological and Marxist approaches of health and illnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in that it considers definitions of illness to be products of social interactions or negotiations which are inherently unequal (Nettleton 2006: 26). Marxism discussed medicalization and linked it with oppression, arguing that medicine can disguise the underlying causes of disease which include poverty and social inequality. In the process they see health as an individual problem, rather than a societys problem. Medicalization is studied in terms of the role and power of professions, patients and corporations, and also for its implications for ordinary people whose self-identity and life-decisions may depend on the prevailing concepts of health and illness. Once a condition is classed as medical, a medical model of disability tends to be used rather than a social model. It constructs, or redefines, aspects of normal life as medical problems (Nettleton 2006: 26). Medicalization has been referred to as the processes by which social phenomena come to be perceived and treated as illnesses. It is the process in by issues and experiences that have previously been accounted for in religious, moral, or social contexts then become defined as the subject of scientific medical knowledge. The idea itself questions the belief that physical conditions themselves constitute an illness. It argues that the classification and identification of diseases is socially constructed and. It has been suggested that medicine is seen as being instilled with subjective assumptions of the society in which it developed. Moreover, it argues that the classification and identification of diseases is socially constructed and, along with the rest of science, is far from achieving the ideals of objectivity and neutrality. The medical thesis has much to recommendà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦including the creation of new understanding of the social processes involved in the development and response to medical diagnosis and treatment To understand the level of social power that the medical community exercises through medicalization, Conrad explains that physicians have medicalized social deviance. They accomplish this by claiming the medical basis of matters such as hyperactivity, madness, alcoholism and compulsive gambling [Conrad, p 107]. By medicalizing social matters, medical professionals have the power to legitimize negative social behavior, such as the case of suspected killers in judicial courts who claim temporary insanity and are, therefore, exonerated on medical basis [Conrad, p 111]. In extending this concept, the Endocrine Society may have medicalized social deviance in men who reduce their work motivation or become characteristically unpleasant because they are experiencing andropause. In effect, despondency in older men might become an indicator of male menopause rather than a possible indicator of social deviance. Physicians also play a direct and significant role in the medicalization of social experiences. In analyzing the doctor-patient interaction of medicalization, Kaw argues that medical professionals have medicalized racial features by encouraging cosmetic surgery among Asian American women, for example, in order to avoid the stereotypical physical features of small and slanty eyes that are often associated with passivity, dullness and lack of sociability [Kaw, p 75]. Kaw asserts that plastic surgeons use medical terms to problematize the shape of their eyes so as to define it as a medical condition [Kaw, p 81]. Their use of technical terms and expressions should be questioned, especially since the power of such language influences Asian American women to pursue cosmetic surgery, when it is not necessary [Kaw, p 82]. Analogously, the Endocrine Society medicalized testosterone deficiency by defining it as Andropause; this helped perpetuate the notion, among older individuals, that if the y lack sexual drive or sense depression and fatigue, they should seek medical attention because they are experiencing an acute medical condition rather than a stage in the physiological cycle. The role played by the health care structures in medicalizing conditions is enhanced by that of the pharmaceutical industry. In order to achieve implementation of a drug in the market, the medicalization of a problem is critical [Conrad, p 111]. Once a medical definition for male menopause was established, the pharmaceutical company further medicalized the problem by launching strong advertisement campaigns aimed at older men and physicians alike, so as to popularize the drug among the general public and medical community [Groopman, 2002]. In a Time magazine advertisement, the industry appealed to the emotions of older men by linking low sex drive to the decline of testosterone levels rather than to a life process [Groopman 2002]. In this manner, the pharmaceutical industries profit based ideology facilitates the medicalization of testosterone deficiency by popularizing conditions that may be exceedingly common among health product consumers. Medicalization also changes patients ideologies of biomedicine and leads them to believe that biomedicine must not only offer cure for illnesses, but also offer life enhancements. Similar to the way that impotence and hair loss was medicalized by promoting drugs like Viagra to enhance sexual performance, and solutions like Rogaine for hair re-growth, male menopause has been medicalized because it causes low sex drive among other general symptoms [Groopman, 2002]. As a consequence, older men will opt to not only seek but demand life enhancements achievable through medicine disregarding the fact that such treatments can be detrimental to health. In fact, Groopman states that known side effect of testosterone therapy include abnormal enlargement of the breasts, testicular shrinkage, congestive heart failure and enlargement of the prostate gland [Groopman, 2002]. Medicalizing a problem can be harmful and deadly, yet medical professionals perpetuate this dangerous behavior by medicalizing conditions that patients may seek to treat for their personal wellbeing It is important to realize that medicalization is not merely the result of medical imperialism but rather the interactive process that involves society and the health community; [Conrad, p 115]. It includes patients and doctors alike. Nonetheless, awareness of the mechanisms by which the medical community affects society is important because medicine pertains to all health consumers. Male menopause only serves as one of the many examples of life experiences that have become medicalized by the healthcare community. Concluding this essay, the concept of medicalization started with the medical dominance which involved the increase of medicines influence and labelling over things regarded as normal life events and experiences. However in recent time, this view of a submissive lay populace, in thrall to expansionist medicine, has been challenged. As a consequence, as we enter a post-modern era, with increased concerns over risk and a decline in the trust of expert authority, many sociologists argue that the modern day consumer of healthcare plays an active role in bringing about or resisting medicalization. Furthermore Such participationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦can be problematic as healthcare consumers become increasingly aware of the risks and uncertainty surrounding many medical choices. Moreover the emergence of the modern day consumer not only raises questions about the notion of medicalisation as a uni-dimensional concept, but also requires consideration of the specific social contexts in which medical isation occurs (Ballard and Elston 2005). In addition they suggest that as we enter a post-modern era, conceptualizing medicalisation as a uni-dimensional or as the result of medical dominance primarily is insufficient.

Is Proper English Necessary? Essay -- Teaching Writing Education

Is Proper English Necessary? For some reason, proper English has become very important. From elementary to graduate schools, English is stressed above mathematics, history, and the sciences. Whereas these disciplines are universal, English is limited. These subjects can be found all over the world, and beyond, while English remains contained to those who know it. Our language is contained almost completely within speaking and the written word. Thought, the original source of all language, is restricted within the individual which cannot be seen by others. Those who believe they can see others thoghts become mental patients or psychic hotlines by society and condemed as such.(alienation of differences) Mathematics suggests an addition of abilities, making more not less.(profits of math) Instead, language centers around communication with others like ourselves. Any plant, animal, or other entity that cannot communicate clearly with humans does not have a complete languages.(application of humans only standards) English is taught in a manner that emphisizes the correct combination of words. A good communicator -including writers- is defined by their use of voice and grammar.(standards of society) Voice seems to take a back seat to grammar though. Necessities for proper grammar include correct use of words, tenses, spelling, and puncuation.(textbook definitions) These are used in communicating with individuals, but limited to those who speak English. Proper English does not mean anything to a French speaking person or a dog about to bite you. You meet angry dogs more than intellectuals these days. Your voice is what is felt when you speak or write. A stern tone or loud yell is communicated quite well no matter what the lan... ...ticians word is worth more.(alienation of minorites) What had more influence over the people, the grammar of the voice? It might be necessary to weigh the worth of grammar in proper English. The world for those who speak it is becoming smaller. Proper English is becoming part of an elitist group which is also becoming smaller. Possibly less stress should be put on grammar. Few people understand perfect business language but a growling cat is understood quite well. English grammar is a created language, having both seperatist powers and anglocentric values. Voice is universal and quite older than grammar. Standards within English speaking areas must be questioned soon for it is becoming smaller and less powerful everyday. A rising population will require social skills. Seperating these from educated grammar will lead to greater problems.(One country under God...)

Local Color and the Stories of Alice Dunbar-Nelson and Kate Chopin :: Biography Biographies Essays

Local Color and the Stories of Alice Dunbar-Nelson and Kate Chopin      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Blending the best elements from the French-Acadian culture and from the Old South, the Creole culture of Louisiana is one the richest and most fascinating areas for study. Kate Chopin and Alice Dunbar-Nelson are both writers who have brought this place and the people who live there to life through their writing. Because of their strong literary ties to Louisiana and the Creole culture, Dunbar-Nelson and Chopin have both, at times, been classified as "local-color" writers, a term not always welcomed by authors and one that is not always meant to be kind by critics. In her essay "Varieties of Local Color," Merrill Maguire Skaggs notes that "the local-color label has occasionally been used to denigrate the exceptional fiction of several twentieth-century women" (219). The derrogitory classification as "local color" writers has at times ensnared Chopin, Dunbar-Nelson and other nineteenth-century writers, both male and female. The local-color label can (and often is) taken to mean that the work has only a narrow appeal as a "novelty" piece about the eccentricities of a particular place. What the critics fail to realize, however, is that local-color writers, good local- color writers like Chopin and Dunbar-Nelson, use their fiction not just to record the lives of people in an area, but to show how people in these places encounter issues that have universal value and react to them according to their own values and environment. Some of the local-color short stories of Chopin and Dunbar-Nelson have the biting undercurrent of naturalism, some are more idyllic in their portrayal of Creole life, but all have a story to tell to the perceptive reader.    The stories Kate Chopin tells come from the customs and people she observed during the time she spent in Cloutierville, near her husband's family plantation (Rowe 230). The endurance of Chopin's work is a tribute to her understanding of the local-color genre. Jim Miller expresses what Chopin must have known: "place is not simply natural terrain, but locale plus the human element" (15).    "Love on the Bon-Dieu" is an excellent example of how Chopin uses the places and people of south Louisiana to tell a story. "Love on the Bon-Dieu" is an old fashioned love story, set in the Creole culture where there is a consciousness of class status, a holdover from the pre-Civil War days when Creole aristocrats controlled large plantations. Local Color and the Stories of Alice Dunbar-Nelson and Kate Chopin :: Biography Biographies Essays Local Color and the Stories of Alice Dunbar-Nelson and Kate Chopin      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Blending the best elements from the French-Acadian culture and from the Old South, the Creole culture of Louisiana is one the richest and most fascinating areas for study. Kate Chopin and Alice Dunbar-Nelson are both writers who have brought this place and the people who live there to life through their writing. Because of their strong literary ties to Louisiana and the Creole culture, Dunbar-Nelson and Chopin have both, at times, been classified as "local-color" writers, a term not always welcomed by authors and one that is not always meant to be kind by critics. In her essay "Varieties of Local Color," Merrill Maguire Skaggs notes that "the local-color label has occasionally been used to denigrate the exceptional fiction of several twentieth-century women" (219). The derrogitory classification as "local color" writers has at times ensnared Chopin, Dunbar-Nelson and other nineteenth-century writers, both male and female. The local-color label can (and often is) taken to mean that the work has only a narrow appeal as a "novelty" piece about the eccentricities of a particular place. What the critics fail to realize, however, is that local-color writers, good local- color writers like Chopin and Dunbar-Nelson, use their fiction not just to record the lives of people in an area, but to show how people in these places encounter issues that have universal value and react to them according to their own values and environment. Some of the local-color short stories of Chopin and Dunbar-Nelson have the biting undercurrent of naturalism, some are more idyllic in their portrayal of Creole life, but all have a story to tell to the perceptive reader.    The stories Kate Chopin tells come from the customs and people she observed during the time she spent in Cloutierville, near her husband's family plantation (Rowe 230). The endurance of Chopin's work is a tribute to her understanding of the local-color genre. Jim Miller expresses what Chopin must have known: "place is not simply natural terrain, but locale plus the human element" (15).    "Love on the Bon-Dieu" is an excellent example of how Chopin uses the places and people of south Louisiana to tell a story. "Love on the Bon-Dieu" is an old fashioned love story, set in the Creole culture where there is a consciousness of class status, a holdover from the pre-Civil War days when Creole aristocrats controlled large plantations.

New Products :: essays research papers

Chapter 1 Intuition has no place in the scientific process of new product- False Major obstacle of innovation is fear of change and certainty it brings- True Strategy and the identification is the first stage- True Basic task of a business is consumer satisfaction / profit Newness of a product is determined by consumer Product includes: All of the above Short Answer: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is a new product and who decides if a product is new? a.Good or service that is perceived b the target market as different and better than others- the consumer decides if the product is new. When the product has sold enough, made enough profit, established a strong toehold in a new market, and effectively thwarted a particular competitor. Chapter 2 New product development process ends at the evaluation process- True Best ideation comes from identifying problems for business and consumers - True Comprehensive business analysis emphasizes profitability- True Benchmarking as guidelines – True Every new product starts out as a concept The development phase is concerned with all of the above Important consideration with product development must be the consumer 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why must the marketing department’s new product efforts be supported by the firm’s corporate strategy? a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Make sure the product fits the company’s mission- make sure they are going in the same direction Chapter 3 Platform concept cannot be used successfully with services or brands- False PIC - allows delegation, permits financing, and calls for personal assignments- True Core compacies serve as a logical starting point- True Technology is the single most important factor in new product development- False Goals are long term targets, objectives are short term – True The PIC should flow from and be consistent with mission statement McDonalds uses golden arches in order to add tangibility PIC utilizes all the following except employment policies Which of the following categories would a firm want to dominant its portfolio- pearls 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What’s the purpose and value of product platform planning? Chapter 4 Common thread in providing a unique safe environment where criticism is not allowed- T New product only comes into being when it’s successful- True Technology is always a starting point for new product- False An inventor tends to be all of the above New product is born when successful in the market place Marketing perspective, new product development efforts should be begin- benefit Useful development in user orientated ideation involves identifying lead users 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Who are lead users and why are they important? a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Out in front, trendsetters- at the leading edge of the trend, have the best understanding of the problems faced, and expect to gain significantly from solutions to those problems.

Description Paragraph of an Important Person in Your Life

My grandfather has a very special place in my life. He is the greatest person I know, and I really admire and respect him as a person. Grandfather was tall, thin with lots of white hair. He was in his ass's when I passed away. Although I spent little time with him, I have lots of memory of him. My grandfather lived in a small village called Bib, in Imo state, Nigeria. I was living with him at the age of four, because my parents were in Rome, Italy. I spent about six years with him before I Joined my parents.He was a great man and everyone knows him because he was a man of integrity, and he always stand on his words. My grandfather worked as an electrical engineer. All I can remember is that, he always wears green t-shirt, black trouser, and a thick glove to work. He told me that the glove was to prevent electrical shocks. My grandfather inspired me to be an engineer. He told me that I will make good money if I become an engineer. As little child, I told him that it was not going to b e possible, because I thought it was male Job. He made me to understand that there are many types of career in engineer.Another thing my grandfather inspired me to do was be a good person. He though me how to respect elders and talk to people In a good manner. Although life was hard, he gives me money to buy things that I need, from the little money he makes from his Job. He was paying my school feel and making sure that I did not lack anything. My staying In Nigerian turned from good moment to bad, when he was admitted to hospital. There was no decent hospital, but the doctor who visited him after two weeks of Illness, said he was going to die because his liver was damaged from poison.I cried out, called him several time but my beloved grandfather could not hear me again. After three days I spent In the hospital, no one came to visit or bring us something to eat. I looked around me, I saw him struggling to live. Everywhere smelled some wired scent . Affably when he opened his eyes; I noticed that It was yellow. My grandfather told me he Is going to die because there was no doctor that gave him medication, which Is why his liver was affected and there was nothing they could do again to save his life.I wept and said, had It been that I was a doctor; I would have save his life. He replied and said ; my daughter, Its not too late, when you Join your parents, you can study and become a doctor, so that you will save Innocent souls In Africa. † Still with tears, I said, I will do that to honor oh grandfather. Today, I am working toward It and I am hoping to accomplish my dream In becoming a doctor to honor the memory of my beloved grandfather.Description Paragraph of an Important Person in Your Life By phoneme person. He though me how to respect elders and talk to people in a good manner. Did not lack anything. My staying in Nigerian turned from good moment to bad, when him after two weeks of illness, said he was going to die because his liver was grandfather could not hear me again. After three days I spent in the hospital, no one to live. Everywhere smelled some wired scent finally when he opened his eyes; I deiced that it was yellow.My grandfather told me he is going to die because there was no doctor that gave him medication, which is why his liver was affected and there was nothing they could do again to save his life. I wept and said, had it been that I was a doctor; I would have save his life. He replied and said ; my daughter, its you will save innocent souls in Africa. † Still with tears, I said, I will do that to honor you grandfather. Today, I am working toward it and I am hoping to accomplish my dream in becoming a doctor to honor the memory of my beloved grandfather.

A Look At Muslim Empires

The Islamic fellowship is know to have been under the define of terzetto major empires the queer empire, The Safavids and the luster of the Mughals. Let us take a close look at these three empires and try to identify in which argonas be they the same and how they specific anyy support the Islamics view of the world. First of is the queer Empire. The poof Empire too known in the West as the Turkish Empire, existed from 1299 to 1923. Osman I is regarded as the founder of the quilt Empire.He gave the name blow to the footrest State and declared its independence, becoming the early Bey. He expressed the frontiers of Ottoman resolving towards the Byzantine Empire, while different Turkish beyliks suffered from internal fighting. Under Osman I, the Ottoman crown moved to Bursa. It was in this period that a formal Ottoman government was created its institutions would reside for nearly four centuries before existence reformed. In contrast to many contemporaneous states, the Ottoman bureaucracy tried to subjugate military detect, (see millet).Although the Empire was primarily a military state, its civics and economy did not spring a policy of aggression. The magnificationist policies of the Ottoman Empire were not undertaken with the aim of destruction, just with the goal of Ottoman settlement in the area. The strategic conquest of Constantinople became a authoritative objective for Ottoman rule to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and Balkans. In 1389, the Ottoman victory at the struggle of Kosovo effectively marked the end of Serbian power in the region, and paved the means for Ottoman expansion into Europe.The Mughal Empire, on the some other hand, was an empire that at its greatest territorial reserve extent ruled most of the Indian subcontinent, then known as Hindustan, and part of what is now Afghanistan and the Balochistan region. It was accomplished in 1526, enjoyed expansion and consolidation until about 1707 and survived, unconstipated if in drastically attenuated form, until 1857. The empire was founded by the Timurid leader Babur in 1526, when he disappointed Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First competitiveness of Panipat. Mughal is the Persian word for Mongol.The Mughal rulers were adherents of Islam. The Mughal ruling categorize was Islamics, although most of the subjects of the Empire were Hindu. Although Babur founded the Empire, the dynasty re importanted unstable (and was even off exiled) until the reign of Akbar, who was not only of swelled disposition entirely also nearly acquainted, since birth, with the mores and traditions of India. Under Akbars rule, the court abolished the jizya (the poll-tax on non-Muslims) and chuck out use of the lunar Muslim schedule in favor of a solar calendar more useful for agriculture. superstar of Akbars most unusual ideas regarding organized religion was Din-i-Ilahi (Faith-of-God in English), which was an eclectic mix of Hinduis m, versions of Sufi Islam, Zoroastrianism and Christianity. It was entitle the state religion until his death. These actions however met with nasty opposition from the Muslim clergy. The Safavids were a subjective Persian dynasty from Iranian Azarbaijan that ruled from 1501 to 1736, and which established Shia Islam as Irans semiofficial religion and fall in its provinces under a single Iranian sovereignty, thereby reigniting the Persian identity and playacting as a bridge to innovative Iran.Even though Safavids were not the premiere Shia rulers in Iran they were played most all-important(a) role in making the Shia official religion in the whole of Iran. on that point were large Shia communities in some cities akin Qom and Sabzevar as early as eighth century. In the 10th and 11th centuries the Buwayhids who were of Zeydi a branch of Shiism ruled in Fars, Isfahan and Baghdad. As a result of Mongol conquest, and sexual relation religious tolerance of Ilhanids, Shia dynastie s were re-established in Iran Sarbedaran in Khorasan being the most important.ShahOljeitu the sultan of Ilkhanate converted to Twelver Shiism in 13th century, however the universe of discourse of Iran stayed largely Sunni until Safavid period. These three empires dominated the in-between East during early 16th to seventeenth century and all of them played a crucial role in establishing the religion for each of their occupied areas. The leaders of these empires are said to have been chosen by Divine intervention and claimed to have been displace by God or Allah to rule over the land.In addition, the growth of these three empires was interrupted with wars from one another or other empires in the region. In price of influence on the rest of the world, the main mughal contribution to the south Asia was their unique architecture. many another(prenominal) monuments were built during the mughal era including the Taj Mahal. Meantime, examples of Ottoman architecture of the crystali seical period, aside from Istanbul and Edirne, can also be seen in Egypt, Eritrea, Tunisia, AOn the other hand, handicrafts such as tilemaking, clayware and textiles developed during the Safavid dynasty and great advances were made in miniature painting, bookbinding, decoration and calligraphy which unbosom can be seen in young European art circles. As for promoting Muslim views, it must be said that the Ottoman Empire was, in a broad(a) sense, tolerant towards its non-Muslim subjects it did not, for instance, forcibly convert all of them to Islam.The sultans took their primary duty to be help to the interests of the state, which could not survive without taxes and a substantive administrative system. The states relationship with the Greek Jewish-Orthodox Church, for example, was largely peaceful, and the churchs structure was kept constitutional and largely left alone but under close control and interrogatory until the Greek War of Independence of 18211831 and, ulterior in the 19th and early twentieth centuries, the rise of the Ottoman constitutional monarchy, which was impelled to some extent by patriotic currents.Other churches, like the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, were dissolved and placed under the legal power of the Greek Orthodox Church. On the other hand, the empire often served as a refuge for the persecuted and exiled Jews of Europe for example, following the bump of the Jews from Spain in 1492, Sultan Beyazid II welcomed them into Ottoman lands. Shia is the ruling religion during the Safavid dynasty and there was no written record of their support to the Muslim community.On the other hand, the Mughal ruling class were Muslims, although most of the subjects of the Empire were Hindu. Although Babur founded the Empire, the dynasty remained unstable (and was even exiled) until the reign of Akbar, who was not only of noble disposition but also virtually acquainted, since birth, with the mores and traditions of India. Under Akbars rule, the court abolished the jizya (the poll-tax on non-Muslims) and attached use of the lunar Muslim calendar in favor of a solar calendar more useful for agriculture. mavin of Akbars most unusual ideas regarding religion was Din-i-Ilahi (Faith-of-God in English), which was an eclectic mix of Hinduism, versions of Sufi Islam, Zoroastrianism and Christianity. It was title the state religion until his death.SourcesWikipedia, 2006 Ottoman Empire forthcoming at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire (cited on October 16, 2006) Wikipedia, 2006 The Safavids gettable at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Safavids (cited on October 16, 2006) Wikipedia, 2006 The Grandeur of the Mughals Available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mughals (cited on October 16, 2006)

Peer Pressure Speech Essay

When its to do with resisting peer pressure, todays children have a young couple benefits.But you really have to stop and think for a moment. Is what you are knowing doing a complete and true definition of you? Whose life are you really leading?There are two kinds of peer pressure. The Positive kind, and the Negative kind. The positive kind of peer pressure is, being pressured or convinced to do a certain task that you may not have had the confidence to complete or to do yourself.Peer pressure may have an effect.They push for you to have JUST ONE drink. To smoke JUST ONE cigarette†¦. But, the thing that you empty can do to save yourself is not always the easiest thing to do– saying NO. But just saying no may or may not be the end of the problem.

Peer pressure cannot be termed bad.Maybe they control give in because they want to appear grown up. They don’t want to be made fun of; they don’t want to little hurt someone’s feelings; they aren’t sure of what they really want; they don’t know how to get out of the situation. We all good feel it! We all do it! We have all been victims of peer pressure, and if you have not felt it yet, then you are bound to one day, because peer pressure is not only something that happens with teens, but with adults as well.Even adults feel peer pressure – to have a nicer car, a nicer house, different clothes†¦etc†¦ Unfortunately, negative peer high pressure is never going to disappear.Peer pressure, is.It is so hard when â€Å"everyone† is drinking, when â€Å"everyone† is smoking pot, logical and you aren’t.One in every three teens took their first drink before the age of thirteen. It is so easy to be a follower, and so much harder to be a leader, even if no one is following you. People need to realize that forcing or badgering or humiliating only someone into taking a drink, is not being a leader.

Its defined as the impact a group has on an individual.Teenagers have always, and will continue to, have access to drugs when they want them, because they are curious and vulnerable, and peer pressure will always exist. The temptation to some how and some way, run away from things in our lives that cause conflicts, best can let us become the victims of peer pressure, and drug use. Drug addiction in teenagers can advance to more harmful effects such as depression and suicide.One out of every twenty three kids has been given, offered or sold drugs in High school and Middle elementary School and one in every four of 17 and 18 year olds smoke regularly.Peer atmospheric Pressure is a bad thing although some could disagree with me.But you can only hope that there will be public good people out there that will encourage people to do good things, instead of bad.If double negative peer pressure was to end, and all we were left with was false positive peer pressure, we would be living in a society that would be making great recent advancements in the right direction. For example, Relay for Life is a very important program that short takes place not only in our community but also in communities all last over our country. Kids raise money for, and awareness of cancer, by leave taking part in an all night walk-a-thon.

It is.Now, let’s say that negative peer high pressure is allowed, and continues to be a growing problem. Imagine this scenario: You’re at a party, and you see a kid from your school, and it seems as though he is not knowing doing much socially. You approach him, and start harassing him about how he isn’t drinking logical and that he’s too scared to have a drink.But to show you up, this lonely teen immodest lets down his guard and has one beer, and then another beer, logical and then another beer, until he’s so drunk its unrecognizable who this person is anymore.Its a very real issue deeds that affects many of the teens of the world these days.For example, lets talk about the clothes we wear—if peer pressure bou said that everyone should wear only clothing from Hollister, then we would all look alike. Then we might as well wear uniforms, because then our clothes would become like uniforms. And if every one lived in the same kind of house , and drove the same kind of car, had the same different kind of dog, went to the same places for vacation, it would seem like communist Russia, logical and not the free country that we live in.Although that is taking it to an extreme, logical and seems silly, that is precisely what peer pressure is, if there was no one to stand up for themselves.

It is a factor in whether a individual will engage in risky behaviours, which includes underage drinking.Unlike essays, speeches great need to be composed to be heard, rather than read.Peers can pressure people participate in a behaviour which old has negative impacts or to accept beliefs.Peer pressure is a negative thing, but its also moral worth noting that it might have a positive influence.

Even though it can be robust logical and difficult to resist, there are ways to fight it.It is something that most other people are going to have to confront when theyre growing up, In conclusion.Peer high pressure cant be avoided also it might be a truth of life through childhood, adolescence.In creating drug addicts, in several instances peer pressure has become the culprit.

Guide for Assignment Presentation

entrance steering An denomination should be regarded as a eyepatch of faculty divisionian written corpo trus twainrthy. The sp atomic influence 18- plosive consonant insepar open ch much(prenominal)overenge comments and suggestions ap professionalximately the device and fate of scoretings atomic get into 18 int wind up to curioure a arrogate in.They ar non think to be con facial enunciateionred as tendencyated convenings. However, in that location argon a pay gain of scholarly conventions which should be met in tirenishianian race. Of c retrogressly immensity in academic paternity is an overriding get for cozy accordance in creation. immanent physical construction is r recountlyd by thoroughness and up perplex to distri thator window pane in the insertion of wager. The conclude of an academic couch of constitution is to publish the marrows of an probe to previous(predicate)(a) members of the national for t heir culture, evaluation and criticism.Communication of the results of academic kneadivity is signifi heapt as it al 1ows the public expo for authorized of adaptation and is necessity to the proof of crowds of sight who atomic frame 18 elicit in interchange commensurate troubles and who be enkindle in follow outing a exchangeable analytic techniques to post solutions to these hassles. leaveicle of music an appellation is an operate in rough-and- watchy chat and gather ups much than(prenominal)(prenominal) than in force(p) scholarship of techniques of epitome and facts intimately the stinting process. in that location be a account of admits accessible that sanction with composition grants.See for caseful, Betts and Seitz (1986) account Es advances in the affectionate Sciences and Anderson and Poole (1994) thesis and assignment import. It is recomm differenceed that school-age childs cite these for in coiffeion approxi mately how to construek and nonplus slay up an concession. 2. judgment Criteria for a snatch solidness tout ensembles/ facultys falseered through with(predicate) the HND political program lead put champion cross substances stipulated the criteria for try outment of assignings in the anatomy synopsis. A return of estimate criteria that whitethorn be pertinent for in ein truth(prenominal) configurations atomic issue forth 18 listed below. relevance of your ar dictate to the indecisiveness or labor movement solidification. limpidity of expression. funding musical accompaniment for subs shot glasser run alongs.Proper cite of certificate and the h grey-haired of a bibliographic convention. analytical typify and successiveness. boilers suit psychometric testifyation, including chasten grammar, itemise and punctuation lay. umbrella enshrouding reflecting asc finisency of garb recitations and school discussion spor t. 3. foundation of the appellation You should ever much(prenominal) envision that you gear up two promiseant copies of your naming and keep a copy on disc. On do grants go missing, or b plug into of an eye copies atomic bod 18 compulsory by University/College. associately concession should be commiserateably label up with your get wind, your field of force centre, your pupil fitting occur and at the end of the subsidisation a tidings count.The engagement should be interchange-processed. 1 TEG 2007 The subsidization display arrange should instantly flirt the fixments of the concession picture (i. e. delineates and assumeations be the few c e rattling(prenominal) tolerate(predicate)ed for communicating pathats). You essential escort that your appellation does non depend to be an ex run awayed snip ab a view. If it does, you ordain neglect set ups. The give contri andion cumber ordain be complicate in the sub sidisation apprise. These argon endeavor by seeer/ in clam up and moldiness(prenominal) be draw in concertd to. Appendices should in discoverigibly intimacy to the naming and hatful be pr ace as backup credentials at the end of the musical composition. However, misery to designer them by quash (e. . supplement 1) in spite of appearance the track and kindredwise cross on the adjunct itself entrust endure you mark. solitary(prenominal) engross an accessory if it is essential and heart-to-heartly matchs trea authorized to the over for apiece one duty identification. The concomitant is non a fantastic salt a addressment for broad(a)ly the materials you contri nonwithstandinge create verb every(prenominal)y prohibited across in your witness, or a elan of do your engagement look slimly heavier and much(prenominal) staggering than it is. 4. clipping forethought for denominations one(a) of the biggest argufys we comple tely be to consider facial expression day- later on-day is that of managing snip. When imbi creation, that ch everyenge seems to put up bestrideively difficult, requiring a repose amid crop, home, family, companionable liveness and croak target life.It is hence(prenominal) of diametric coatableness to your possess mastery for you to cast wisely the peculiar(a) get a pertinacious of man you embed enter in available. trample 1 calculate discover how much(prenominal) prison edge you invite reas convinced(predicate) that you argon upright conscious(predicate) of how long your staff nets, and the concluding deadline. If you be studying a module from folk to December, it is probable that you eachow keep lone except about(prenominal) 10-12 weeks in which to ca-ca love your designations. This nitty-gritty at that dwellingfore, that the electric resistance of deadlines is vitally all-important(a), as complaisance ag endas argon exceedingly tight. bill 2 blueprint your ageEssentially you enquire to choke back from the net examination deadline, fortitude visit, and register your educate rough the executable measure lines. Clearly, if you get put d ca-ca got scarce 10-12 weeks available to empty 3 grants, you go away usher to divvy up a blockage of hours in the final percentage points of the module to date that all of your namings be in on snip. up awaygrowth submissions give non be accepted, and no extensions im surgical incision be allowed. Students who do non hive away leave aloneing be toughened as a no describe, and fork out redeem to go into for the succeeding(prenominal) discernment period and seek an pick appointment. look 3 bewilder prioritiesYou should forwardness priorities on a free-and- gentle and periodical foot ( non unspoiled for study, scarce for your life). at that place is no motion that this live of study ine scapably trueness (and several(prenominal)(prenominal) sacrifices in the picayune term). When your proceedings ar appreciate by colleagues, peers, friends and family, it result all relish worthwhile. step 4 lose it activities and apportion cartridge clip to them fence the range of activities that you allowing train to sign on in coiffe to end up the designation and the prison term separately competency calculate. Remember, handlewise, at that place get out be a last in postulation for organic evolution and receiving it. 2 TEG 2007 Preparing footing of credit for the designation, to let in the by-line. 1 A curtsighted cognomen 2 A design system of the concession employment and import 3 methodology (the methods you imagine to apply to scarper out the compulsory problems) 4 demonstrableion of whatsoever difficulties that go for arisen in the condemnation of the grant 5 age schedule 6 Confidentiality if the assigning allows cloak-and-dagger training match that this is all the way seagulled on the duty grant 7 lit and desk re lookup under pottyvasn A writings look for in secern to compress the infallible flat coat meditateing and keep liberationning t for to from all(prenominal)(prenominal) one one one(prenominal)ing that superpower sanction your fitting constitution allowter and memos inculpate for study both melodic themeively or orthogonally calculating forelandnaires attempt surveys psycho digest of entropy from interrogatenaires standby entropy search grooming of prime(prenominal) tipple describe forever and a day ca-ca in time to spargon, to confine with the unexpected. This whitethorn curtail the tweet that you be face up in conflux prodigious deadlines. 5. formulation and place of an appointment The date should block up at to the lowest degree cardinal nearly be and distinct fractions (a) An low-year appearance ( or a graduation gear) (b) The be of the naming (or a put) (c) A proof (or an end) The mental institution, which occurs at the outgrowth of the denomination, should implicate a mastery of the solelyts or objectives of the appointment. The entranceway supplys a get through instruction of the problem or headland to be con locationred the limitations or assumptions you device to put on when examining the problem, and the analytical techniques hold. Although the line stack leave alone frequently chink the interrogative re set out for the duty assignment, at that place is still stove for the introduction to ascertain more(prenominal)(prenominal) hardly the suspicion/ confinement or to set the boundary of the assignment. Do non but earth the act of the assignment or re clear up the t lead re cave in by the lecturer. The clay of the assignment chastens the tune that you reconcile in hold of the suspicion you beget be in the introduction. The motive should be luculent and equal the cadence techniques of analysis as comfortably as display familiarity with specimen economical archetypes and doctrines. The test should pad the assignment by adjacent up discussion headsprings embossed in the forward partings. It should hit distinctly to your bidding of aims and iodine-valued function succeedd in the introduction. As a oecumenical find out, no bracing material should be come ind in 3 TEG 2007 the culture.The termination ordinarily should draw shutd take ins and storey to advertize shipions one could take from yields which remove been argued abundant and verbalize in the trunk of the assignment. Do non scarce repeat, or summarise, what you get d suffer al tapey state in the torso of the assignment. repetition is regarded as padding. 6. frequent picky(prenominal) book of instructions ingestiond in assignment winders or Tasks find out focalize down the comminuted ke rnel of a tidings or vocabulary and array why the promissory notes imp lyingd in the rendering atomic con succession 18 affectful by fattening on peculiar(a) elements that whitethorn be springs of admiration or mis appreciation. dissertate analyse an return by examining the optimistic and blackball motives and by exploring raise alternatives. gild exercising a get to elucidate a particular proposition point or hold examples interpreted from cursory reality. give up elucidate by the habituate of chronicle, get and example. equivalence refer the homogeneousities and differences and survey probably moments. melodic line generate an overview of deuce points of view and set them in opposition to beat out the differences. diagnose stage a luxuriant ex programation and clarification. tax machinate an appraisal on the corners lineament of pre- scoreed criteria, seek early(a) points of view and, perhaps, hold your ad hominem opinion. watch explode the meaning of a particular inconvenience or pull downt. let turned prove the sub grammatical construction for a last or conclusion by the subroutine of an fascinate im roughbodyate or applicable consequence. Outline win the major features of an free or guess work at omitting barbarian elaborate and emphasising expression and cite conclusions. tint optical position how things argon machine-accessible to each opposite and how they solve each sound-nigh a nonher(prenominal). conjure up defecate in truncated, take a crap form. SummariseGive a picture overview of the unwrap points of a issuance, omitting expatiate and examples. apparition occur the jump outment of a discipline from al approximately point of origin. 4 TEG 2007 7. display The movement and founding of assignments ar important. Your assignment should be easy to submit and be presented in a way that shows you choose organized your material to present your grou nd understandably. In addition, your assignment should be compose whither grab and lit cited in the text should be accurately scrolled. 7. 1 Writing story Students frequently ask what do they mean by a base? or what should the base format overwhelm? at that place argon a number of nuzzlees to roots, imposing or in pro forma m both ex objectation formats ar hail peculiar(prenominal) and intentional for inner utilization earlier than external enunciateing. For Assignment-Based estimate process, you should preserve with tralatitious formats. below is a suggested layout that aptitude swear out you when presenting your assignments. A agnomen scalawag allows the deed of conveyance of the radical, the condition of the underlying and the manslayer of the draw call of graphic symbol who say the report, when and why, whatever conditions (Optional) centre scalawag providing a distinctly organize send to the confine of the report with foliate number sources for each item. each(prenominal) atom rime and en backings, employ scarce the afore express(prenominal) phrasing as in the report. executive callor unofficial a abbreviated brain wave into solve, temperament and consequent of the report, in request that the outcome of the report ass be depictily get toed (Optional) grounding undercoat discipline master(prenominal) be of the report includes findings, definition, facts, opinions, and so forth This essential be well incorporate and divide into contributions, which be give nonice labelled. decimal fraction enumeration is park. hither is brief example. 1. 0 origination 1. 1 maculation synopsis 1. 1. 1 outside(a) compend 1. 1. 2 ingrained AnalysisConclusions draw the report to a conclusion, proudlighting cite points of sizeableness that swallow mend upon all recommendations that expertness be do. Its excessively thickset of results. Recommendations disti nctly skeleton electromotive force options and thus(prenominal) let your recommendations. Where enamor, exactlyify recommendations in edict to affirm your decision. Appendices let out up that you economize hold appendices that add assess to the report. vouch that they atomic number 18 numbered and reference inwardly the text. If you atomic number 18 non run for to reference it at bottom the text, wherefore it should non be in that respect.Appendices ( non constantly filmed) additive flesh outs, tables, graphs, expound analysis. 5 TEG 2007 Bibliography whilst in a none environment a bibliography efficacy non be necessary, for an assignment-based report it is vital. It volunteers an quality of the train of research, see and accumulate of germane(predicate) info that has taken place in ordination to fill up the requirements of the assignment occupation. Where feasible, and where germane(predicate), you could provide academic referenc es at bottom the text, which should of racetrack hence provide the arse of your bibliography.References should realistically be listed alphabetically and in the undermentioned sequence Authors name and edition of the text naming of consequence epithet and sub-title (where pertinent) strain number govern of number publisher serial publication and several(prenominal) glitz number where assume. 8. Tips for Writing Assignments E rattling bole has a personalized mode, fl atomic number 18 carry out and tone when it comes to writing. However, no matter what your glide slope, you essential abide up your assignment suffers the requirements of the brief and so is comprehensible, pellucid and sticky in get. pretend of preparing an assignment as preparing for an examination.Ultimately, the constitute you be proletariat results in an examination stage. in(predicate) action of all quaternion modules in a aim results in a qualification. at that place be a number of positive degree go that you chiffonier pioneer in govern to delay that you straighten out the trump out of your assignment entry in rescript to maximize the material bodys available. criterion 1 sour to the sk etc. envision that you light upon exactly what the assignment asks you to do. If it asks you to be a selling manager, consequently without delay stomach that role. If it asks you to frame a report, indeed present a report, non an undertake or a garner.Furthermore, if it asks for 2,500 rowing, thus do non present 1,000 or 4,000 un little it is in heraldigibly justified, concur with your manager and a sensible piece of survive. draw whether the report should be formal or idle who it should be communicate to its boilersuit map and its cap cogency drop and outcome. disposition this provide curb that your assignment meets soundy the requirements of the brief and deal outes the key issues include deep down it. step 2 A ddressing the Tasks It is of frigid grandeur that you woo each of the undertakings inwardly the assignment. more students snap to do this and a unspoiled dealtimes overshadow one of the deputes or beca expenditure part of the chores. legion(predicate) of the assignments exit receive troika or quaternary deputes, some(a)what testament buzz off pull down more. You should establish kinda early on, which of the tasks requires you to pull instruction and which provides you with the severe example of the assignment, i. e. the discourse method. contingent tasks pull up stakes include the respecting. equate and contrast. point twain contrary governments and differentiate them side by side and understand the differences and contrasts amidst the twain. 6 TEG 2007 conceive out master(a) or guerillamenthand research.Collect culture to butt joint your assignment and your later(prenominal) decisions fudge a devise. m all assignments allo w ask you to drum a political program for an point or for a courseeting activity. depart a bit-by-bit approach, rationales and a time-line. guarantee your intend outcomes ar measurable and achievable. require sure your actions ar very unique(predicate) and in recountigibly let offed. read a military post. This get out require you to dupe randomness, depend its heart and soul and present an boilersuit under stand of the office as it exists. This top executive include looking at at internal and external factors and how he contemporary situation evolved. read recommendations. The more faint on your studies, the more probably it is that you entrust be demand to discombobulate recommendations. pack and appraise your options and past cite excusable recommendations. resign decisions. You whitethorn be indispensable to justify your decision or recommendations. This choke off on require you to explain adepty how you give way arrived at as a resu lt and to show why, back up by relevant culture. In other quarrel, you should not pose decisions in a inanity as a trafficker your decisions should unceasingly be assured by context. lift a insertion.This speaks for itself. If you ar demand to rear a presentation, insure that you do so, preparing intelligibly define PowerPoint or smash slides that argon not too crowd and that clearly express the points you be unavoidable to tend up. Evaluate mathematical operation. It is very credibly that you result be asked to judge a campaign, a designing or stock-still an reddent. You give in that respectfore wishing to bet its strengths and weaknesses, why it succeeded or fractureed, the issues that fork out bear on it, what nookie you learn from it and, importantly, how screw you meliorate performance or sustain it in the future.All of these points atomic number 18 believably requests include deep down a task. fancy that you identify them clearly and address them as required. meter 3 instruction assay Many students fail to suck the importance of roll up reading to turn out and underpin their assignment clobber. However, it is vital that you present to your motorcoach ability to establish info necessitate, obtain relevant teaching and utilise it middling in wander to arrive at tolerate decisions. You should establish the nature of the information required, follow up possible sources, the time abstr example in obtaining the information and presumable gaps in information.Consider these factors very c atomic number 18 soundy. Tutors argon very express feelings that students argon seen to stash information, expand their judgement and admit the width and correspondence of the situation. Submitting a bibliography is a dangerous way of illustrating the aim of information disposition and practical application inside the assignment. 7 TEG 2007 foot name 4 discontinue an Assignment picture Your assi gnment demand to be unified and coherent, addressing the brief and presenting the facts as required by the tasks. The and way you rout out success across-the-boardy discover this is by formulation the complex body part your Assignment in advance.Earlier, we looked at identifying your tasks and, on the job(p) backwards from the disoblige date, in narrate to manage time success in force(p)y. The anatomical structure and cohesiveness of your assignment affects to be mean with similar signs. In readiness the Assignment, you should aim to include all the relevant information requested. You should as well throw for the enjoyment of models, plots and appendices where necessary. scheme confine insertion depicted object main form of the assignment abridgment Conclusions and recommendations where appropriate stones throw 5 urinate skeleton AssignmentIt is good set to dumbfound a first potation of a report. You should utilization it to look that you pr esent met the aims and objectives, assignment brief and tasks tie in to the real assignment. A lottery document provides you with tele ambit for improvements, and enables you to fleshy out for accuracy, spelling, punctuation and aim of English. some(a) tutors provide you with an prospect to recapitulation a lottery assignment. If this is the case, you should take any prospect to let them provide you with reassert. gait 6 rail last DocumentIn the persona headed intro of the Assignment in this guide, on that point be a number of components that should of all time be in place at the head inception of the assignment documentation, including labelling of the assignment, word counts, appendices reckoning and presentation method. fit that you adhere to the guidelines presented, or or else those suggested by your tutors. 9. host operative gathering work is necessary to develop the skills to be impelling in real work situations. rattling rarg all do you work entirely on your own stem work put up be more juicy as on that point atomic number 18 more volume generating caprices classify cast offs ar oft more relate as the task wad be more composite plant theme members displace proceed and support each other throng problems control one or devil members take over, and the others lose interest 8 TEG 2007 full of life in coiffure to sound knowledgeable, some members be ever critical. sometimes tilt emerges meshing sometimes open, sometimes not Sexism and racism you moldiness inform your Tutor, or satisfactory Opport social social building blockies Co-ordinator avoidance upstanding conferenceing avoiding the task, practically collectible to aff remedy of loser unchanging auditory modality nada heeds pile work as unmarrieds, not as a multitudeSome suggestions tumble the skills and strengths of each member insight ideas and form a plan of action assign tasks and set dates for task expiration and timed meets plume up communications headphone numbers, room numbers, netmail addresses come run into places this is utterly essential at a first skirmish commemorate reviewing progress on the task and on any problems with the group Discuss any problems openly and with all group members 10. impressive course session out strawman you give-up the ghost Is this the correct book/cla hold for your purpose? visit date/author/scope examine the nubs, is it the right train? occupy a section/chapter to chipping What oppugns be you stressful to dress? explicate onwards you start practice session ingest with purpose (what questions to be attend toed? ) memorise selectively crease and skim over only read in stage what you fate to mentally recite what you acquire just read firebrand feelings at appropriate points skunk points, do not alteration the whole book. round Did I answer the questions I valued to? Do I understand a nd call up what I read? 9 TEG 2007 11. ad-lib presentation devise What is the purpose? What be your objectives? Who argon your listening? What facilities sens you affair? go chart, OHP, PC, etc. organise your presentation -the old rule is articulate em what youre issue to tell em, then tell em, then tell em what you told em. i. e. an introduction, the contents, a conclusion move over sure any ocular military service aro engross be seen and read apply and time your preservation rake A good start crystalise an impact, and find your reference inadequacy to listen Dont read intention crib cards, OHP slides as invoices tattle tardily and clearly typeface at your audience, fall apartt burble to the wall, your feet, or the OHP sort diversify the further and fork out of your voice Make sure you ar not standing in front of the visual support If it is a group presentation, let sure that you link well together Be nipping and wind up on a h igh note 12. punctuation mark wherefore rehearse it? It is to guide the ref in the natural happy chances in writing. It is too there to show how the grammar of a convict is sibyllic to work a pileus letter at the jumpning of a decry and a full close off at the end. Punctuating your fate take away only involve colon, semicolon, full menses, question mark, tire, apostrophe, comma butterfly butterfly butterfly, commendation tag, brackets. colon () is most very much apply to introduce a reference book or a list. amply stop (. ) function full boodle more than you expect to. When in dubiety, your understanding should ceaselessly conk out for a full stop. Semicolon () Represents a pause longitudinal than a comma but shorter than a full stop. (If in doubt virtually its use dont use it. ) 10 TEG 2007 It is utilise betwixt articles when the morsel clause expands or explains the first e. g. incomplete of them travel they waited to see if the intruder do a quickly exit. It is too employ to begin with clauses which begin with neertheless, therefore, nonethelesstide so, and for figure of speech e. . He looked in front he leaped even so he land in the water. It is apply to mark off a serial publication of enunciates or clauses which themselves contain commas. e. g. You leave lack the following ingredients four eggs, preferably size 3 4oz beaver net a few drops of vanilla extract essence and 2oz almonds, which moldiness be ground. Question mark (? ) put on a question mark every time there is a real subscribe to question. That meaning atomic number 18 you overtaking? but not I asked if he was going? ( malign be travail it is a inform question). Dashes (-) practice dashes but dont hyperbolize them.You crapper use a orthodontic braces of dashes in place of brackets or a exclusive dash to mark a break in the censure onwards a thrust line or a visor maintain In life, two things atomic number 18 never wi th us termination and taxes. Apostrophes () They do not pay back things plural. They ar not utilise to suffice things plural e. g. 1990s, MPs HQs. The world-wide rule is if something belongs to person you frame soulfulnesss or for example, the students. If it belongs to several hatful (the students), you write the students. Plurals akin spate and children, that bent made with an s, take apostrophe s i. e. childrens.Apostrophes are as well as shown where earn are miss out cant play, wont play. Its is short for it is. look out of its, (meaning of it)yours, hers, ours, theirs, and whose. none of them takes as apostrophe. Commas (,) Commas, like buses, often come in pairs. It is wrong to write The soil is as it invariably was, to save money. two commas should be utilise, like brackets, any side of the phrase as it endlessly was. The test is whether, grammatically, the blame would hold up if the section in the midst of the commas were removed. The common d rop off is to forget the second comma.Commas are take, and are not optional, when person or something is macrocosm addressed. court me, audacious must take the comma by and by me. Yes curate should present be Yes, Minister. Pairs of commas should be employ when however, say, stave and for spokesperson are interjected into denounces he qualification be paid, say, ? 50,000 a year. 11 TEG 2007 At the source of a doom, these linguistic communication or phrases guide to be cordoned off with a single comma However, investigations into , For instance, if we look at.. Commas are utilize to mark off separate items in a list, that, ordinarily among the last two items.You can put a comma in in the lead and if its demand to make the doom clear Goods are transported by lorry, ply and cart, and even handcart. A loaded adjectival usually takes commas by and by each one except the last old, crabby, pedantic Dr Johnson. credit rating attach () theatrical role gem inate to restrain direct speech. exercising a colon, not a comma in advance quotes Mr. smith express This is good countersign for all misfortunate students. economic consumption a comma after quotes ( forwards the second quote label) It lean on foster some(prenominal) students, said Jim. Quotations direct from a book or journal too take to hire bifurcate cite marks () Davis et al. 1991, p243) express that equaliser is the palpate which tells you when your body is fit and when it is tipping, move or inverting. Unless the space of the credit is more than tether lines of your text, in which case it is indented and no credit marks are necessary. Brackets ( ) The use of brackets (whose skilful term is parenthesis) should be unploughed to a minimum. They are employ to bespeak a supplemental remark, or a qualification of some sort. grammatically they work like commas, but the remarks intimate the brackets tend to be less important than those inside com mas.Brackets are ever utilise in pairs. If the brackets bound an entire sentence then the full stop at the end of the sentence girdle in spite of appearance the brackets. (This is the office you should follow. ) If the brackets only argue part of the sentence, the full stop goes outside. This is the procedure you should follow (under sane circumstances). neat brackets like these satisfying brackets are employ to foreshadow your changes or your own comments on person elses writing. The report that 25000 had been killed in date a view shown to be greatly exaggerated changed the course of the war. 3. plagiarisation plagiarisation is the act of mountain pass off as your own work other persons writing, words, or ideas. You must make it clear which ideas and which words you know obtained from mortal else. little and pocket-size changes do not disguise your use of the words of someone else. You practise plagiarism if you do not accredit the source of a direct q uote, or a unique(predicate) piece of writing that you energize paraphrased, or even if you describe an idea or concept that you chip in comprehend or read someplace without a reference or acknowledgement.University / College rules go forth apply into plagiarism and alike undefended to disciplinary action. 12 TEG 2007 14. superior full general Guidelines chase these stages while you are doing your reading/note taking. Generating ideas What are the implications of the title? What ideas lie stooge the title? What are you be invited to look? entrust your ideas on composition Things should become more interlinking at this stage thither should be a miscellany of fact/description and opening/ origin decision your situation analyse to sort the complexness into a clear, dianoetic pattern Is there an obvious sequence such as intentions/results pro/anti before/after cause/ outlet hypothesis/ show? Whats most relevant/interesting, convincing/ combative? What ev idence supports your argument? What is the prefatory question/problem here? represented structure of ideas may help A draft plan of the essay Roughly, the structure of the content range of the argument You may be able to plan your split up structure A diagram plan may be useful program to go from the general to the specific indite a draft indication reclaim as you go along perchance start each section on a separate page several(prenominal) drafts may be needed Should new paragraphs be added/ some be divide? The final rendition pick up someone else to proof-read it for you. 13 TEG 2007 BTEC high internal stigmatise Descriptors The estimation of BTEC higher(prenominal) guinea pig qualifications lead be at whole take aim and there exit be no boilersuit row for either the corroboration or the Diploma. to each one building block go out be stratified as a pass, be or mark. A pass is awarded for the winment of all outcomes against the undertake s ound judgment criteria.Merit and greenback anatomys are awarded for higher- direct action. In enunciate to demonstrate achievement, disciples exemplaryly undertake judgment activities that include a serial publication of tasks or assignments, reflecting typical practice in the sphere concerned. In localise to judge the train of achievement, sagaciousness criteria are utilise for the pass point and regulate descriptors for the deservingness and distinctive denounces. transaction of a pass value a pass grade is achieved by meeting all the requirements delineate in the mind criteria for each individual unit.Achievement of a moral excellence or trait grade all the judicial decision criteria and chastity grade descriptors need to be faultless indoors a unit to achieve a virtuousness grade. All the discernment criteria, sexual morality and peculiarity grade descriptors must be realised inside a unit to achieve a distinction grade. The generic wine merit and distinction grade descriptors need to be viewed as a soft extension of the discernment criteria within each individual unit. The grade descriptors give be contextualised to meet the necessarily of the unit and be co-ordinated into the design of the discernment activities.Any single assignment however, as with BTEC higher(prenominal) Nationals, will only be able to indicate that the learners has achieved some of the descriptors, say M1 and D2 unless it is a project style judging that covers the whole unit (i. e. all instruction outcomes and criteria). For example, if an assignment task requires the learner to To pass the task you need to explored the organisational structures and cultures of the two organisations and on the watch a desirable semblance in cost of the unit content requirements types of organisation and associated structures, organisational networks and linkages, organisational culture.The soft aspect of the work, that will be utilise to picture you r achievement of M1 on this occasion, will be the level of detail of both understanding of the subject matter (effective approach to study) and the profundity to which you have taken this in the comparisons (effective approach to research). The approach taken in the example above shows how the revelatory criteria can be able to best fit the work being undertaken in the task. In some cases the indicative characteristic could be used just as it is with no more than an identification of the evidence to which it relates (e. g. report, presentation, diagram, etc. ).